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研究生: 廖英孝
Ying-Xiao Liao
論文名稱: 直鏈式烷基苯基二甲基銨鹽類陽離子型界面活性劑在水環境中微量檢測方法的研究
指導教授: 丁望賢
Wang-Hsien Ding
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 理學院 - 化學學系
Department of Chemistry
畢業學年度: 88
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 57
中文關鍵詞: 直鏈式烷基苯基二甲基銨鹽類陽離子型界面活性劑
外文關鍵詞: ABDACs, Hofmann degradation
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  • 直鏈式烷基苯基二甲基銨鹽類(Alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride,ABDACs)為主要陽離子型界面活性劑之一,在臺灣的年生產量大約8000噸,且有逐年增加的趨勢,最常被使用作殺菌劑,其同系物有C12-,C14-,C16-BDACs ,另有C18-BDAC被用做潤髮劑。由於臺灣廢水處理廠的使用率不過5%而已,大部分ABDACs將直接被排放至河川或海洋中,且此類有機污染物在水環境中具有毒性與持久性,因此有必要發展一套方便的分析檢測方法,來探討ABDACs在水環境中的來源與宿命。
    本研究主要是改善先前分析水中和土壤中ABDACs的方法,藉加入直鏈式烷基苯磺酸鹽類(Linear alkylbenzenesulfonates,LAS)形成親油性的離子對錯合物,以增加ABDACs 在固相萃取管中的萃取效果,利用甲醇-乙酸乙酯混合液沖提後,再行Hofmann degradation ,衍生化成直鏈式烷基二甲基胺(Alkyldimethyl amine ),並以GC-MS作定性與定量。結果顯示,此方法具有高精確性和靈敏度,在500 ml水樣中的偵測極限達0.1μg/L ; ABDACs的平均回收率分別為:89%、104%、98%、90%,相對標準偏差(RSD)分別為4.4%、12%、12%、7%。而台灣各河水中偵測ABDACs的總含量約為2.5~65μg/L。



    中文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅰ 英文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅱ目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅳ 表目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅶ 圖目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅷ 第一章 前言 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1-1 研究緣起 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1-2 研究目的 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 第二章 文獻回顧 --------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2-1 陽離子型界面活性劑的分類和命名 ------------------------------- 4 2-2 陽離子型界面活性劑 --------------------------------------------------- 6 2-3 衍生化原理 --------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2-3-1 為何採用氣相層析質譜儀(GC-MS) ---------------------- 9 2-3-2 衍生化原理 ------------------------------------------------------ 11 2-4 國內外相關之研究 ------------------------------------------------------ 12 2-5 分析方法簡介 ----------------------------------------------------------- 15 2-5-1 高效液相層析儀(HPLC) ------------------------------------- 15 2-5-2 四極矩質譜儀(Quadrupole-MS) ---------------------------- 15 第三章 實驗步驟與樣品分析 ------------------------------------------------ 18 3-1 實驗藥品與儀器設備 -------------------------------------------------- 18 3-1-1 實驗藥品 --------------------------------------------------------- 18 3-1-2 儀器設備 --------------------------------------------------------- 20 3-2 實驗步驟 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 3-2-1 標準品的製備 -------------------------------------------------- 21 3-2-2 萃取步驟 -------------------------------------------------------- 21 3-2-3 衍生化步驟 ----------------------------------------------------- 23 3-2-4 真實水樣萃取及淨化 ---------------------------------------- 26 第四章 結果與討論 ------------------------------------------------------------- 30 4-1 不同萃取條件之回收率探討 ---------------------------------------- 30 4-1-1 液相萃取法的探討 -------------------------------------------- 30 4-1-2 固相萃取法的探討 -------------------------------------------- 31 4-2 不同反應條件對衍生效率的探討 ---------------------------------- 34 4-3 檢量線製作 --------------------------------------------------------------- 35 4-3-1 GC-MS檢量線製作 -------------------------------------------- 36 4-3-2 HPLC檢量線製作 -------------------------------------------- 36 4-4 ABDACs的測定 -------------------------------------------------------- 37 4-4-1 經HPLC分離的結果與討論 -------------------------------- 37 4-4-2 經GC-MS分離的結果與討論 ------------------------------- 38 4-5 測定不同水環境中ABDACs的含量 ------------------------------- 38 4-5-1 探討ABDACs在水環境中的萃取回收率 ---------------- 42 4-5-2 測試不同水環境中ABDACs的含量 ----------------------- 42 第五章 結論與建議 ------------------------------------------------------------- 49 5-1 結論 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 5-2 建議 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 參考文獻 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 附錄一 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 附錄二 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 附錄三 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 附錄四 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 表目錄 表2-1 1987年陽離子型界面活性劑在美國和西歐 的主要用途和消耗量 --------------------------------------------------- 7 表2-2 陽離子型界面活性劑對某些生物體毒性濃度測試結果 -------- 8 表2-3 陽離子型和陰離子型界面活性劑的比較 ------------------------- 10 表3-1 氣相層析-質譜儀 (GC-MS)設定參數 ------------------------------ 28 表3-2 高效液層析儀逆相管柱儀器條件 ----------------------------------- 29 表4-1 測試東港溪的萃取回收率 -------------------------------------------- 42 表4-2 以GC-MS測得ABDACs在不同水環境中的含量 ------------- 44 表4-3 高屏溪的濃度測試 ------------------------------------------------------ 45 表4-4 偵測台灣各河水和工業區流放水的ABDACs含量----------------- 48 圖目錄 圖2-1 陰、陽離子形介面活性劑之親水基與疏水基圖 -------------- 4 圖2-2 陽離子型界面活性劑的種類 ------------------------------------------ 5 式2-1 Abidi,S.L.之衍生化反應 -------------------------------------------- 14 圖2-3 四極矩質量分析器 ------------------------------------------------------ 17 圖2-4四極矩質量分析器之結構圖 ----------------------------------- 17 圖3-1固相萃取管裝置 ---------------------------------------------------------- 24 圖4-1 LAS對液相萃取回收率之影響 --------------------------------------- 30 圖4-2 不同條件對固相萃取法之回收率影響 ----------------------------- 32 圖4-3 反應溫度與衍生產率的關係圖 -------------------------------------- 34 圖4-4 GC-MS檢量線 ------------------------------------------------------------- 36 圖4-5 HPLC檢量線 --------------------------------------------------------------- 36 圖4-6 ABDACs標準品的HPLC層析圖 --------------------------------------- 37圖4-7 ABDACs標準品的GC層析圖 ------------------------------------------ 39 圖4-8 (A) C11-之質譜圖(B)C12-之質譜圖(C)C14-之質譜圖 ------ 40 圖4-8 (D) C16-之質譜圖(E)C18-之質譜圖 ------------------------------- 41 圖4-9 (a)淡水河之全質譜圖(TIC)(b)選擇質量層析圖(m/z 58) --- 43 圖4-10 高屏溪之HPLC層析圖 ----------------------------------------------- 45 圖4-11高屏溪經萃取濃縮後,未經Hofmann degradation之(a)全質 譜圖(TIC)(b)選擇質量層析圖(m/z 58) ------------------------- 46 圖4-12高屏溪經萃取濃縮後,再經Hofmann degradation 反應後之(a) 全質譜圖(TIC)(b)選擇質量層析圖(m/z 58) ------------------ 47

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