| 研究生: |
何明雄 Ming-Hsiung Ho |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
PC/ABS合膠材料機械性質之研究 The Study on Mechanical Properties in Polycarbonate/ Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Blend |
| 指導教授: |
董基良
Ji-Liang Doong 黃俊仁 Jiun-ren Hwang |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| 畢業學年度: | 88 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 139 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 合膠 、機械性質 、破壞韌性 、疲勞裂縫延伸 、衝擊疲勞 、灰色關聯分析 、拉伸性質 、成型條件 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | PC/ABS, FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION, IMPACT FATIGUE, GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS, INJECTION MOLDING CONDITION |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:14 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
灰色關聯分析法以專家的意見,能適切預測C-MOLD射出成型模擬及拉伸試驗結果的最佳成型條件。
充填時間長對拉伸性質有強化的影響。主要破壞機構有傾斜縮頸及應力白化現象。融膠溫度280℃的試片呈現劈裂狀的脆性破壞。
具最佳破壞韌性值之成型條件為充填時間2秒、融膠溫度260℃與模具溫度55℃。破壞韌性值與表皮層正規化厚度有密切關係。主要破壞機構為表皮層脆性劈裂的片狀組織、核心層毛狀拉起纖維。
疲勞裂縫延伸的最佳成型條件為充填時間2秒、融膠溫度260℃與模具溫度80℃。應力白化及補綴狀組織為主要破壞機構。
單次衝擊與衝擊疲勞最高吸收能量的成型條件為充填時間12秒、融膠溫度260℃及模具溫度80℃。單次衝擊為高變形量的塑性變形。衝擊疲勞為塑性變形,疲勞線紋不連續但周期性的沿著裂縫延伸方向出現。
綜合以上研究,建議成型條件之融膠溫度採用240℃至260℃,充填時間依成型件的體積,如拉伸試片、CT試片使用2秒、衝擊試片使用12秒。模具溫度選用80℃。
The following conclusions can be drawn from the tests.
The predictions of the grey relational method were the same as C-MOLD simulation and tensile test results.
The tensile properties increase with filling time especially in elongation. The main fracture mechanisms of tensile specimens were stress whiten and inclined neck.
The best injection molding condition of fracture toughness specimen was filling time 2s, melting temperature 260℃and mold temperature 55℃. The fracture toughness is varied with according with normalized skin layer thickness. Stress whiten, splits and fibril-like were typical fracture mechanisms.
The best injection molding condition of fatigue crack propagation test was filling time 2s, melting temperature 260℃ and mold temperature 80℃. Stress whiten and patchwork structure were main fracture mechanisms.
The specimen with the molding condition of filling time 12s, melting temperature 260℃ and mold temperature 80℃ has the optimum impact fatigue and single impact behaviors. Tearing in single impact test, shear fracture and plastic deformation in impact fatigue test were the major fracture mechanisms.
1. 何中森, "ABS合膠系列的應用, " 塑膠資訊, 1997, pp.44-50.
2. A. K. Kulshreshtha, "A Review of Commercial Polyblends Bases on PVC, ABS, and PC, " Polymer Plastic Technology and Engineering, Vol.32, No.6, 1993, pp.551-578.
3. A. Ram, O. Zilber and S. Kenig, "Life Expectation of Polycarbonate, " Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.25, 1985, pp.535-540.
4. M. C. Boyce, E. M. Arruda and R. Cayachandran, "The Large Strain Compression, Tension, and Simple Shear of Polycarbonate," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.34, 1994, pp.716-725.
5. A. M. Dekker and M. I. Isayev, "Injection and Compression Molding Fundamentals," New York, 1987, pp.264-273.
6. P. Wippenbeck, "The Mould Filling Process Technical Requirements and Findings," 1990, pp.97-139.
7. R. Greco and A. Sorrentino, "Polycarbonate/ABS Blends: A Literature Review, "Advance in Polymer Technology, Vol.13, No.4, 1994, pp.249-258.
8. I. Babbar and G. N. Mathur, "Rheological Properties of Blends of Polycarbonate with Poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)," Polymer, Vol.35, No.12, 1994, pp.2631-2635.
8. I. Babbar and G. N. Mathur, "Rheological Properties of Blends of Polycarbonate with Poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)," Polymer, Vol.35, No.12, 1994, pp.2631-2635.
10. M. A. Ramos, "Polypropylene/Low Density Polyethylene Blend Matrices and Short Glass Fiber Based Composites," Polymer Composites, Vol.12, 1991, pp.7-12.
10. M. A. Ramos, "Polypropylene/Low Density Polyethylene Blend Matrices and Short Glass Fiber Based Composites," Polymer Composites, Vol.12, 1991, pp.7-12.
12. J. K. Kocsis and K. Friedrich, "Fracture Behavior of Injection Molded Short and Long Glass Fiber Polymide 6.6 Composites," Composites Science and Technology, Vol.32, 1988, pp.293-325.
12. J. K. Kocsis and K. Friedrich, "Fracture Behavior of Injection Molded Short and Long Glass Fiber Polymide 6.6 Composites," Composites Science and Technology, Vol.32, 1988, pp.293-325.
12. J. K. Kocsis and K. Friedrich, "Fracture Behavior of Injection Molded Short and Long Glass Fiber Polymide 6.6 Composites," Composites Science and Technology, Vol.32, 1988, pp.293-325.
12. J. K. Kocsis and K. Friedrich, "Fracture Behavior of Injection Molded Short and Long Glass Fiber Polymide 6.6 Composites," Composites Science and Technology, Vol.32, 1988, pp.293-325.
12. J. K. Kocsis and K. Friedrich, "Fracture Behavior of Injection Molded Short and Long Glass Fiber Polymide 6.6 Composites," Composites Science and Technology, Vol.32, 1988, pp.293-325.
17. J. Kuczynski, R. W. Snyder and P. P. Podolak, "Physical Property Retention of PC/ABS Blends," Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol.43, 1994, pp.285-291.
17. J. Kuczynski, R. W. Snyder and P. P. Podolak, "Physical Property Retention of PC/ABS Blends," Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol.43, 1994, pp.285-291.
19. D. D. Huang, "The Application of Fracture Mechanics to Materials Selection," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.36, No.18, 1996, pp.2270-2274.
19. D. D. Huang, "The Application of Fracture Mechanics to Materials Selection," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.36, No.18, 1996, pp.2270-2274.
19. D. D. Huang, "The Application of Fracture Mechanics to Materials Selection," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.36, No.18, 1996, pp.2270-2274.
19. D. D. Huang, "The Application of Fracture Mechanics to Materials Selection," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.36, No.18, 1996, pp.2270-2274.
23. N. Nishihata, T. Koizumi, Y. Ichikawa, and T. Katto, "Plane Strain Fracture Toughness of Polyphenylene Sulfide," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.38, No.3, 1998, pp.403-408.
24. K. S. Saib, W. J. Evans, D. H. Isaac, "Role of Microstructure During Fatigue Crack Growth in Poly(aryl ether ketone) (PEEK)," Polymer, Vol.34, No.15, 1993, pp.3198-3203.
25. M. Brillhart and J. Botsis, "Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis in PEEK," International Journal of Fatigue, Vol.16, 1994, pp.134-140.
25. M. Brillhart and J. Botsis, "Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis in PEEK," International Journal of Fatigue, Vol.16, 1994, pp.134-140.
27. L. Pruitt and S. Suresh, "Cyclic Stress Fields Ahead of Tension Fatigue Cracks in Amorphous Polymers," Polymer, Vol.35, No.15, 1994, pp.3221-3229.
28. G. C. Adams, R. G. Bender, B. A. Crouch and J. G. Williams, "Impact Fracture Toughness Tests on Polymer," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.30, 1990, pp.241-248.
29. D. F. Adams and J. D. Winkel, "Instrumented Drop Weight Impact Testing of Cross Ply and Fabric Composites," Composites, Vol.16, 1985, pp.268-278.
30. D. F. Adams and D. A. Wyrick, "Damage Sustained by a Carbon/Epoxy Composite Material Subjected to Repeated Impact," Composites, Vol.19, 1988, pp.19-27.
30. D. F. Adams and D. A. Wyrick, "Damage Sustained by a Carbon/Epoxy Composite Material Subjected to Repeated Impact," Composites, Vol.19, 1988, pp.19-27.
32. D. M. Bigg, "The Impact Behavior of Thermoplastic sheet Composites," Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol.13, 1994, pp.339-354.
32. D. M. Bigg, "The Impact Behavior of Thermoplastic sheet Composites," Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol.13, 1994, pp.339-354.
34. B. P. Jang, W. Kowbel and B. Z. Jang, "Impact Behavior and Impact Fatigue Testing of Polymer Composites," Composites Science and Technology, Vol.44, 1992, pp.107-118.
35. C. Lhymn, "Impact Fatigue of PPS/Glass Composites," Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol.4, 1985, pp.1221-1224.
35. C. Lhymn, "Impact Fatigue of PPS/Glass Composites," Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol.4, 1985, pp.1221-1224.
35. C. Lhymn, "Impact Fatigue of PPS/Glass Composites," Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol.4, 1985, pp.1221-1224.
38. Golovoy, "The Influence of Velocity on the Impact Strength of Glass Reinforced Polypropylene," Polymer Composites, Vol.7, 1986, pp.405-412.
39. C. Lhymn, "Impact Fatigue of PPS/Glass Composites Microscopy," Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol.4, 1985, pp.1429-1433.
39. C. Lhymn, "Impact Fatigue of PPS/Glass Composites Microscopy," Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol.4, 1985, pp.1429-1433.
39. C. Lhymn, "Impact Fatigue of PPS/Glass Composites Microscopy," Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol.4, 1985, pp.1429-1433.
39. C. Lhymn, "Impact Fatigue of PPS/Glass Composites Microscopy," Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol.4, 1985, pp.1429-1433.
43. H. Mavridis, A. N. Hrymak. and J. Vlachopoulos, "Finite Element Simulation of Fountain Flow in Injection Molding," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.26, 1986, pp.449-454.
44. M. R. Kamal, S. K. Goyal and E. Chu, "Simulation of Injection Mold Filling of Viscoelastic Polymer with Fountain Flow," AICHE Journal, Vol.34, 1988, pp.94-106.
45. R. E. Hayes, H. H. Dannelongue and P. A. Tanguy, "Numerical Simulation of Mold Filling in Reaction Injection Molding," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.31, 1991, pp.842-848.
46. C. G. Gogos and C. F. Huang, "The Process of Cavity Filling Including the Fountain Flow in Injection Molding," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.26, 1986, pp.1457-1466.
46. C. G. Gogos and C. F. Huang, "The Process of Cavity Filling Including the Fountain Flow in Injection Molding," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.26, 1986, pp.1457-1466.
48. X. Jin, "Boundary Element Study on Particle Orientation Caused by the Fountain Flow in Injection Molding," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.33, 1993, pp.1238-1242.
49. A.N. Alexandrou and A. Ahmed, "Injection Molding Using a Generalized Eulerian Lagrangian Formulation," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.33, 1993, pp.1055-1064.
49. A.N. Alexandrou and A. Ahmed, "Injection Molding Using a Generalized Eulerian Lagrangian Formulation," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.33, 1993, pp.1055-1064.
49. A.N. Alexandrou and A. Ahmed, "Injection Molding Using a Generalized Eulerian Lagrangian Formulation," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.33, 1993, pp.1055-1064.
49. A.N. Alexandrou and A. Ahmed, "Injection Molding Using a Generalized Eulerian Lagrangian Formulation," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.33, 1993, pp.1055-1064.
53. J. L. Deng, "Control Problems of Grey System," System and Control Letters, Vol.1, No.5, 1982.
54. J. L. Deng, "Introduction to Grey System," The Journal of Grey System, Vol.1, No.1, 1989, pp.1-24.
55. 鄧聚龍, "灰色系統理論教程," 華中理工大學出版社, 1992.
56. S. H. Chang, "Frequency Synthesizer Product or/and Process Optimization Using the Grey Relational Analysis," The Journal of Grey System, Vol.8, No.8, 1996, pp.235-260.
57. S. H. Chang, "ACURAD Die Casting Process Optimization using the Grey Relational Analysis Method Approach," The Journal of Grey System, Vol.8, No.3, 1996, pp.269-282.
57. S. H. Chang, "ACURAD Die Casting Process Optimization using the Grey Relational Analysis Method Approach," The Journal of Grey System, Vol.8, No.3, 1996, pp.269-282.
59. A. A. Griffith, "The Phenomena of Rupture and Flow in Solids," Philosophical Transaction Royal Society of London, A221, 192, pp.163-197.
60. G. R. Irwin, "Fracture Dynamics in Fracturing of Metals," American Society for Metals, Cleveland, 1949.
61. T. L. Anderson, "Fracture Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications," CRC Press Inc., 1991, pp.360-375.
62. R. J. Oxborough, and P. B. Bowden, "A General Critical Strain Criterion for Crazing in Amorphous Glassy Polymers," Philosophical Magazine, Vol.28, 1973, pp.547-559.
63. D. S. Dugdale, "Yielding in Steel Sheets Containing Slits," Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids”, Vol.8, 1963, pp.100-104.
64. G. I. Barenblatt, "The Mathematical Theory of Equilibrium Cracks in Brittle Fracture," Advances in Applied Mechanics, Vol. VII, Academic Press, 1962, pp.55-129.
65. P. C. Paris and F. Erdogan, "A Critical Analysis of Crack Propagation Law," Transaction ASME, Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol.85, 1963, pp.528-534.
65. P. C. Paris and F. Erdogan, "A Critical Analysis of Crack Propagation Law," Transaction ASME, Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol.85, 1963, pp.528-534.
67. D. M. Bigg and E. J. Bradbury, "The Impact Performance of Thermoplastic Sheet Composites," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.32, 1992, pp.287-297.
68. B. P. Jang, W. Kowbel and B. Z. Jang, "Impact Behavior and Impact Fatigue Testing of Polymer Composites," Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 44, 1992, pp. 107-118.
69. S. M. Lee and P. Zahuta, "Instrumented Impact and Static Indentation of Composites," Journal of Composite Materials, Vol.25, 1991, pp.205-222.
70. P. O. Sjoblom and J. T. Hartness, "On Low Velocity Impact Testing of Composite Materials," Journal of Composite Materials, Vol.22, 1988, pp.30-47.
70. P. O. Sjoblom and J. T. Hartness, "On Low Velocity Impact Testing of Composite Materials," Journal of Composite Materials, Vol.22, 1988, pp.30-47.
72. C. Lhymn, "Damage Accumulation and Wear of Fibrous Composites," Advances in Polymer Technology, Vol.7, 1987, pp.279-293.
73. "Typical Properties of Cycoloy," Wah Lee Industrial Corporation.
74. "Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D638-91.
75. "Standard Test Method for Plan Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, E399-83.
76. "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D647-88a.
77. "Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D5628-96.
78. M. Akay, S. Ozden, T. Tansey, "Prediction of Process Induced Warpage in Injection Molded Thermoplastics," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.36, No.13, 1996, pp.1839-1846.
78. M. Akay, S. Ozden, T. Tansey, "Prediction of Process Induced Warpage in Injection Molded Thermoplastics," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.36, No.13, 1996, pp.1839-1846.
80. H. T. Pham, C. P. Bosnyak, K. Sehanobish, "Residual Stresses in Injection Molded Polycarbonate Rectangular Bars," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.33, No.24, 1993, pp.1634-1643.
81. G. Titomanlio, K. M. B. Jansen, "In Mold Shrinkage and Stress Prediction in Injection Molding," Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.36, No.15, 1996, pp.2041-2049.
82. 唐玉柱, "射出成型條件對破壞韌性及裂縫成長之影響," 國立中央大學機械研究所碩士論文, 1992.
82. 唐玉柱, "射出成型條件對破壞韌性及裂縫成長之影響," 國立中央大學機械研究所碩士論文, 1992.
82. 唐玉柱, "射出成型條件對破壞韌性及裂縫成長之影響," 國立中央大學機械研究所碩士論文, 1992.
85. A. C. Roulin Moloney, "Fractography and Failure mechanisms of Polymers and Composites," Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Walter Doll, 1989, pp.387-436.
85. A. C. Roulin Moloney, "Fractography and Failure mechanisms of Polymers and Composites," Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Walter Doll, 1989, pp.387-436.