在微觀移動環境下有效資源保留之路徑管理研究

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研究生：	許淳勝 CHUN-SHENG HSU
論文名稱：	在微觀移動環境下有效資源保留之路徑管理研究 A Study of Efficient RSVP Path Management Under Micro-mobility Environment
指導教授：	陳彥文 Yen-Wen Chen
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系 Department of Communication Engineering
畢業學年度：	92
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	115
中文關鍵詞：	服務品質、無線網路、移動式網路管理、混合式資源頻寬保留、服務品質換手
外文關鍵詞：	Qos Handoff, Hybrid Schemes for Resource Reservation, Qos, Wireless Network, Mobility Management
相關次數：	點閱：12 下載：0
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近年來由於網際網路以及無線網路的快速發展，造成人們對於網路應用服務的需求也相對的日益增加。因此如何有效的運用網路頻寬以及提供服務品質保證成為了目前網際網路所面臨的重要問題。在本文中我們先對目前現有的資源保留機制作一些簡單的介紹，這些機制包含了如何在Macro-domain以及Micro-domain 中提供品質服務保證。其中包含了Pointer Forwarding、Crossover Router Discovery 等機制，這些機制都是為了改善使用者在移動時路徑資源重新保留的速度以及網路頻寬的使用效率，其主要目的在於提供使用者無縫隙的換手服務。其中Pointer Forwarding的方法提供了相當快速的換手服務但卻相對的使用了過度的頻寬，而Crossover Router Discovery的方法則是針對在樹狀拓樸下提供快速的換手以及有效的頻寬資源保留。接著在本文中我們提出了三種混合式的資源保留機制，這三個機制融合的各種方法的各種特性。透過模擬的結果顯示，我們所提出的資源保留機制不論在網路資源的使用上以及換手的速度上都提供了相當優異的效能。

Recently, progress of wireless communication technology has made people easily access wireless network via various kinds of portable devices (PDA, Cell Phone, Notebook, etc.). Due to the fast growing of wireless network deployment, human can access wireless network easily, and it also stimulates the population of using mobile services. However, people always claim for stable quality of service (Qos), especially when users are accessing real-time or multimedia applications during movement. In this thesis, we introduce several existing schemes to deal with this issue, which includes Pointer Forwarding scheme and Crossover Router Scheme. These schemes are used for supporting seamless Qos handoff under micro-mobility domain. Then, based on the above schemes, we propose three hybrid methods to combine the advantages of those related schemes. Furthermore, we carry out our simulation results and show the performance of the proposed schemes. From the simulation results we found that the Pointer Forwarding can support fast handoff but in lack of efficiency of using link bandwidth. The Crossover Router Scheme can reserve link bandwidth more efficient than Pointer Forwarding scheme. Overall, the simulation results show that our proposed hybrid schemes can support seamless and efficient RSVP branch path rerouting during handoff.

TABLE OF CONTENTS	I
LIST OF FIGURES	IV
LIST OF TABLES	VII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION	1
CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND	4
2.1 MOBILITY MANAGEMENT	4
2.1.1 Macro-Mobility	5
2.1.2 Micro-Mobility Architecture	8
2.1.3 Cellular IP	9
2.1.4 Hawaii	9
2.1.5 Hierarchical Mobile IP	10
2.1.6 Hierarchical Mobile IPv6	12
2.2 IP QOS SCHEMES	13
2.3 RSVP	14
2.4 PROBLEM OF RSVP UNDER THE MOBILE SCENARIO	15
2.5 RSVP EXTENSIONS FOR MACRO-MOBILITY	16
2.5.1 MRSVP	16
2.5.2 RSVP Tunnel	18
2.6 RSVP EXTENSIONS FOR MICRO-MOBILITY	19
CHAPTER 3 DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES	23
3.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS	23
3.1.1 Soft Handoff in Cellular Systems	24
3.1.2 Advance Resource Reservation of an RSVP Branch Path	25
3.2 QOS HANDOFF RELATED APPROACHES	26
3.2.1 RSVP Path Rerouting by Gateway Router Scenario	27
3.2.2 RSVP Path Rerouting by Crossover Router Scenario	29
3.2.3 RSVP Path Rerouting by Pointer Forwarding Scenario	32
3.3 HYBRID RESOURCE RESERVATION MECHANISMS	34
3.3.1 Scheme 1 - Combining PF and GW Scenarios	35
3.3.2 Scheme 2 - Combining PF and CR Scenarios	39
3.3.3 Scheme 3 - Combining CR and GW Scenarios	42
3.4 EXAMPLE OF MOVEMENT MODEL	45
3.4.1 Modeling the Micro-mobility Behavior of a Mobile Node	45
3.4.2 Analysis of Handoff Delay and Links Usage	46
CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION AND DISCUSSION	51
4.1 SIMULATION ARCHITECTURE	51
4.1.1 Simulation Parameters	52
4.2 SIMULATION SCENARIOS	56
4.2.1 RSVP Path Rerouting by GW Algorithm	56
4.2.2 RSVP Path Rerouting by CR Algorithm	58
4.2.3 RSVP Path Rerouting by PF Algorithm	59
4.2.3 RSVP Path Rerouting by Scheme 1 and Scheme 2	60
4.2.4 RSVP Path Rerouting by Scheme 3	62
4.3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULT AND ANALYSIS	63
4.3.1 Estimation of system performance	64
4.3.2 Simulation Result of Handoff Delay Time	67
4.3.3 Simulation Result of Bandwidth Usage	76
4.3.4 Simulation Result of Drop Probability	79
4.3.5 Simulation Result of Efficiency	83
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS	93
REFERENCES	95
APPENDIX A	98
SIMULATION TOPOLOGIES	98
List of Figures
Figure 2-1 SIP Basic Procedure	6
Figure 2-2 Pre-call Mobility by SIP	6
Figure 2-3 Mid-call Mobility by SIP	7
Figure 2-4 Registration at the GFA and Home Agent	11
Figure 2-5 Regional registration at the GFA	11
Figure 2-6 Operation of HMIPv6	12
Figure 2-7 Exchanging Message in RSVP	14
Figure 2-8 Reservation routers for MRSVP	18
Figure 2-9 RSVP Tunnel with Mobile IP	19
Figure 2-10 Intra-subnet and Inter-subnet Handoff	20
Figure 2-11 The Hierarchical MRSVP Scheme	21
Figure 2-12 An RSVP-enabled Router in an IP Micro-mobility Network	22
Figure 3-1 RSVP Path Reservation by threshold of pilot strength	26
Figure 3-2 An Example of RSVP Path Rerouting by Gateway Router	27
Figure 3-3 Signaling Messages for Path rerouting by GW during Handoff	29
Figure 3-4 An Example of RSVP branch Path Rerouting by CR Router	31
Figure 3-5 Signaling Messages for Path rerouting by CR during Handoff	32
Figure 3-6 An Example of RSVP branch Path Rerouting by PF	33
Figure 3-7 Signaling Messages for Path Rerouting by Scheme 1	37
Figure 3-8 An Example of RSVP branch Path Rerouting by Scheme 1	38
Figure 3-9 Signaling Messages for Path Rerouting by Scheme 2	41
Figure 3-10 An Example of RSVP branch Path Rerouting by Scheme 2	42
Figure 3-11 Signaling Messages for Path Rerouting by Scheme 3	44
Figure 3-12 State-transition-rate Diagram for the Mobility Behavior of MN	45
Figure 3-13 Comparisons of Mean Handoff Delay for Rerouting RSVP Connection under Micro-mobility Domain	48
Figure 3-14 Comparisons of Mean Length of Links Used to Hold a RSVP Connection under Micro-mobility Domain	49
Figure 4-1 Flow Chart of RSVP Path Rerouting by GW Algorithm	57
Figure 4-2 Flow Chart of RSVP Path Rerouting by CR Algorithm	58
Figure 4-3 Flow Chart of RSVP Path Rerouting by PF Algorithm	60
Figure 4-4 Flow Chart of RSVP Path Rerouting by Scheme1 or Scheme 2	61
Figure 4-5 Flow Chart of RSVP Path Rerouting by Scheme 3	63
Figure 4-6 (a) Delay VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 3)	69
Figure 4-6 (b) Delay VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 4)	70
Figure 4-6 (c) Delay VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 5)	70
Figure 4-6 (d) Delay VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 3)	71
Figure 4-6 (e) Delay VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 4)	71
Figure 4-6 (f) Delay VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 5)	72
Figure 4-7 (a) Delay VS MN Number (PF)	73
Figure 4-7 (b) Delay VS MN Number (GW)	73
Figure 4-7 (c) Delay VS MN Number (CR)	74
Figure 4-7 (d) Delay VS MN Number (Scheme 1)	74
Figure 4-7 (e) Delay VS MN Number (Scheme 2)	75
Figure 4-7 (f) Delay VS MN Number (Scheme 3)	75
Figure 4-8 (a) Total Usage VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 3)	76
Figure 4-8 (b) Total Usage VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 4)	77
Figure 4-8 (c) Total Usage VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 5)	77
Figure 4-8 (d) Total Usage VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 3)	78
Figure 4-8 (e) Total Usage VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 4)	78
Figure 4-8 (f) Total Usage VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 5)	79
Figure 4-9 (a) Drop Probability VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 3)	80
Figure 4-9 (b) Drop Probability VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 4)	81
Figure 4-9 (c) Drop Probability VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 5)	81
Figure 4-9 (d) Drop Probability VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 3)	82
Figure 4-9 (e) Drop Probability VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 4)	82
Figure 4-9 (f) Drop Probability VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 5)	83
Figure 4-10 (a) Efficient VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 3)	84
Figure 4-10 (b) Efficient VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 4)	85
Figure 4-10 (c) Efficient VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 5)	85
Figure 4-10 (d) Efficient VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 3)	86
Figure 4-10 (e) Efficient VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 4)	86
Figure 4-10 (f) Efficient VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 5)	87
Figure 4-11 Numerical Results vs. Simulation Results (Delay)	92
Figure 4-11 Numerical Results vs. Simulation Results (Usage)	93
Figure A-1 Simulation Topology (Binary Tree Level 3)	99
Figure A-2 Simulation Topology (Binary Tree Level 4)	99
Figure A-3 Simulation Topology (Binary Tree Level 5)	100
Figure A-4 Simulation Topology (Mesh Tree Level 3)	100
Figure A-5 Simulation Topology (Mesh Tree Level 4)	101
Figure A-6 Simulation Topology (Mesh Tree Level 5)	101
List of Tables
Table 4-1 Environment Parameters	54
Table 4-2 Average control packet latency (in ms)	55
Table 4-3 Evaluation of RSVP path handoff delay time	64
Table 4-4 Evaluation of total bandwidth usage	66
Table 4-5 Evaluation of Efficiency	67
Table 4-6 Efficient VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 3)	87
Table 4-7 Efficient VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 4)	88
Table 4-8 Efficient VS MN Number (Binary Tree Level 5)	88
Table 4-9 Efficient VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 3)	89
Table 4-10 Efficient VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 4)	89
Table 4-11 Efficient VS MN Number (Mesh Tree Level 5)	90
Table 4-12 Numerical Result and Simulation Result (Handoff Delay)	91
Table 4-13 Numerical Result and Simulation Result (Mean Link Length)	92

                                

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