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研究生： 米琳
Emmanuel Christine Milhim
論文名稱： 營建工地人為錯誤分析之認知因子辨識與涵義
Identification and implication of cognitive factors for on site human error analysis
指導教授： 王翰翔
Han- Hsiang Wang
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 土木系營建管理碩士班
Master's Program in Construction Management, Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年： 2016
畢業學年度： 104
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 80
中文關鍵詞： 營造工程 、安全 、意外 、認知 、人為錯誤
外文關鍵詞： Construction, Safety, Accidents, Cognition, Human errors
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    • 自從有營造業以來，勞工安全一直被視為一個重大挑戰。許多研究皆證明了由於營造業在工地現場具有最多的職業災害傷亡人數，使得營造業為最具危險性的產業，而勞工在工地發生的人為錯誤被認為是意外增加的主要原因。有數個勞工安全計畫在探討勞工的人為錯誤的問題，這些計畫是從考量與工作環境與工人行為相關的外部因素來切入。然而，僅著重在非人類認知概念的層面是不夠的，而如何去評估與找出導致工地意外的因素是急迫且必要的。因以，本研究的目的是要辨識認知因素及其在工地意外事件上所具備的意含。本研究使用認知心理學做為辨識認知因素的工具，而所辨識出的因子則是透過問卷調查的方式加以驗證。研究結果顯示，與工地現場的意外事故相關的認知因素包括：記憶、注意力、決策、語言和認知。未來研究可以進一步根據這些認知因素提出新的管理方法，以透過安全行為的強化來提升營造業的現地安全。

    Since the construction industry exists, safety has been considered as a challenge. Many studies have proven that the construction industry stands among the most dangerous industries to work in as it carries the greatest number of fatalities registered in the workplace. Human errors performed by workers on site are considered as the main reason of increases of accidents. Several safety programs studied this issue by considering external factors related to both working environment and worker’s behaviors on site. However, focusing on the non-cognitive concept is insufficient. Therefore, the urgency to evaluate and search for some responsible factors leading to accidents on-site becomes necessary. Thus the objective of this research is to identify the cognitive factors and their implication on accidents on site. Cognitive psychology is used as a tool for the identification of the factors and a survey is conducted to validate the factors identified. Results show that accidents on-site are narrowly linked to cognitive factors that are: memory, attention, decision-making, language, and perception. New management approach based on these cognitive factors can be proposed by future studies in order to promote construction site safety through the reinforcement of safe behaviors.

    ABSTRACT I 摘要 II TABLE OF CONTENT III AKNOWLEDGEMENTS V LIST OF FIGURES VI LIST OF TABLES VII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2- PROBLEM STATEMENT 2 1.3 GOALS OF THE STUDY 3 1.4 RESEARCH SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 3 1.5 RESEARCH FLOWCHART 4 1.6 THESIS ORGANIZATION 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 CONCEPT OF ACCIDENT ON SITE 6 2.2 TYPES OF ACCIDENTS MOSTLY TO OCCUR ON SITE 6 2.3 THE IMPACT OF ACCIDENTS ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS 8 2.4 ROOTS OR CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS ON SITE 8 2.4.1: Human error overview 12 2.4.2 Definition of human error 13 2.4.3: Causes of human errors on site 14 2.4.4 Cognitive factors mentioned through the literature as causes of human errors 18 2.5: ATTEMPT TO ACHIEVE SAFETY 20 2.5.1 Theories related 21 2.5.2 Safety programs 25 3.1 LINK ACCIDENTS ON SITE AND COGNITION 28 3.2 THE COGNITIVE MODEL 30 3.3 MAIN FACTORS OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 32 3.4 COGNITIVE FACTORS AND HUMAN ERROR 34 3.5 COGNITIVE FACTORS FOR HUMAN ERRORS ON CONSTRUCTION SITE 36 3.6 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COGNITIVE FACTORS AND THE ACCIDENTS (CASE STUDIES) 43 50 50 3.7 PRESENTATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY 50 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS 53 4.1 DEMOGRAPHICS 53 4.2 VALIDITY TEST 54 4.3 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 55 4.4 DATA ANALYSIS FROM ALL THE PARTICIPANTS 55 4.5 COMPARISON BETWEEN HAITI AND TAIWAN RESPONDENTS 59 4.6 TAIWANESE RESPONDENTS RESULTS ANALYSIS 61 4.7 HAITIAN RESPONDENTS RESULTS ANALYSIS 61 4.8 PRACTICAL EXPLANATION OF THE RESULTS 62 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 64 REFERENCES 66

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