研究結果顯示，高雄港區混凝土構造物之鹼質與粒料反應現象及潛勢相較於花東沿海地區為低。在相似溫濕環境及水泥含鹼量的情形下，其未有鹼質與粒料反應之原因應在於粒料反應活性較小及活性粒料含量較少。研究中所使用的各種檢測方法在一定範圍中皆有其適用性，惟基於鹼質與粒料反應的影響因素甚多，故混凝土構造物鹼質與粒料反應潛勢應視需要以多種方法加以檢測評估，無法僅以單一檢測方法判定。此外，以醋酸鈾螢光法搭配雙染色法，可檢測混凝土中是否有鹼質與粒料反應之反應產物存在，不僅迅速而且效果良好，實務上應可採用。

The test results show that the alkali-aggregate reaction and its potential of concrete structures in Kaohsiung Harbor District are lower than those of the coastal areas in Hualien and Taitung. The alkali-aggregate reaction depends on the reactivity and quantity of reactive aggregates for concrete structures on the similar environmental condition and alkali content of cement. All test measurements have somewhat their limits. Some measurements can only be applied within some definite ranges. The alkali—aggregate reaction was affected by many factors. So it is hard to tell the alkali-aggregate reaction of concrete structures using single measurement. In addition, Uranyl acetate fluorescence method and Dual staining method to investigate the reactive products of alkali-aggregate reaction are more beneficial than others and will be recommended to apply in practice.

[1] 王櫻茂，楊宏儀，以普蜀蘭混合材料防制鹼-骨材反應（二），行政院國科會專題研究報告，1991年。
[2] 田永銘，楊世和，台灣東部反應性骨材之探討及分析，國立中央大學土木工程所碩士論文，1997年。
[3] 李釗，陳桂清，許書王，花蓮港區混凝土構造物鹼質與粒料反應之調查研究，台灣省政府交通處港灣技術研究所研究報告，1998年。
[4] 田永銘，陳仁達，花東地區鹼-骨材反應及防制方法，國立中央大學土木工程所碩士論文，1998年。
[5] 李釗，柯正龍，台中、基隆及蘇澳港區混凝土構造物鹼質與粒料反應調查與潛勢分析研究，國立中央大學土木工程所碩士論文，1999年。
[6] 李釗，陳桂清，許書王，港區混凝土構造物鹼質與粒料反應調查與潛勢分析研究，台灣省政府交通處港灣技術研究所研究報告，1999年。
[7] 李釗，許書王，台灣地區鹼質與粒料反應抑制策略之研究，國立中央大學土木工程研究所博士論文，1999年。
[8] Fournier, B., and Bérubé, M.A. “Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete: a Review of Basic Concepts and Engineering Implications,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.27, Number 2, April 2000. PP.167-191.
[9] Rogers, C.A., Grattan-Bellew, P.E., Hooton, R.D., Ryell, J., and Thomas, M.D.A. “Alkali-Aggregate Reactions in Ontario,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.27, Number 2, April 2000. PP.246-260.
[10] Standard Australia “Alkali Aggregate Reaction－Guidelines on Minimizing the Risk of Damage to Concrete Structures in Australia,” 1996. PP.20.
[11] Price, G.C. “Investigation of Concrete Materials for South Saskatchewan River Dam,” Proceedings of the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1961. PP.1155-1179.
[12] Gillott, J.E., and Rogers, C.A. “Alkali-Aggregate Reaction and Internal Release of Alkalis,” Magazine of Concrete Research, 1994. PP.99-112.
[13] Bérubé, M.A., Duchesne, J., and Rivest, M. “Alkali Contribution by Aggregates to Concrete,” ICAAR, 10th International Conference, August 1996. PP.899-906.
[14] Hobbs, D.W. “Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete,” Thomas Telford, London, U.K., PP.83.
[15] Duchesne, J.,and Bérubé, M.-A. “The Effectiveness of Supplementary Cementing Materials in Suppressing Expansion Due to ASR: Another Look at the Reaction Mechanisms: Part2: Pore Solution Chemistry,” C.C.R., 1994. PP.221-230.
[16] Diamond, S. “ASR－Another Look at Mechanisms,” ICAAR, 8th International Conference, August 1989. PP.83-94.
[17] Moore, A.E. “Effect of Electric Current on Alkali-Silica Reaction,” ICAAR, 4th International Conference, August 1978. PP.69-71.
[18] Ozol, M.A. “Alkali-Silica Reaction of Concrete Electrical Substation Piers Accelerated by Electrical Currents,” Petrography applied to concrete aggregates, ASTM STP 1061, 1990. PP.106-120.
[19] Shayan, A. “Combined Effects of AAR and Cathodic Protection Currents in Reinforced Concrete,” ICAAR, 11th International Conference, June 2000.
[20] British Cement Association “The Diagnosis of Alkali-Silica Reaction－Report of a Working Party,” 1992. PP.36.
[21] Poole, A.B. “Introduction to Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in the Concrete,” Blackie, Glasgow and London, 1992. PP.1-29.
[22] Stark, D., and Depuy, G. “Alkali-silica Reaction in Five Dams in Southwestern United States,” In Proceedings of the Katharine and Bryant Mather International Conference on Concrete Durability, April/May 1997. PP.1759-1786.
[23] Bérubé, M.-A., Chouinard, D., Frenette, J., Boisvert, L., Pigeon, M., and Rivest, M. “Effectiveness of Sealers in Counteracting ASR in Plain and Air-Entrained Laboratory Concretes Exposed to Wetting and Drying, Freezing and Thawing, and Salt Water,” In Supplementary Papers, 4th CANMET/ACI/JCI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology, June 1998. PP.375-396.
[24] Bérubé, M.A., Chouinard, D., Frenette, J., Boisvert, L., Rivest, M., and Vézina, D. “Effectiveness of Sealers in Counteracting ASR in Highway Median Barriers Exposed to Wetting and Drying, Freezing and Thawing, and Salt Water,” In Supplementary Papers, 4th CANMET/ACI/JCI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology, June 1998. PP.397-415.
[25] Bérubé, M.A., Chouinard, D., Boisvert, L., Frenette, J., and Pigeon, M. “Influence of Wetting-Drying and Freezing-Thawing Cycles and Effectiveness of Sealers on ASR,” ICAAR, 10th International Conference, August 1996. PP.1056-1063.
[26] Bérubé, M.A., and Fournier, B., Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Gordon & Breach Publisher, 2000.
[27] Stark D. “The Moisture Condition of Field Concrete Exhibiting Alkali-Silica Reactivity,” In Proceedings of the CANMET International Workshop on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, May 1990.
[28] Swamy, R.N. “Effects of Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity on Material Stability and Structural Integrity,” Proceedings of the CANMET/ACI International Workshop on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, October 1995. PP.233-241
[29] Fournier, B., Bérubé, M.A., and Rogers, C.A. “Canadian Standard Association (CSA) Standard Practice to Evaluate Potential Alkali-Reactivity of Aggregates and to Select Preventive Measures Against Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in New Concrete Structures,” ICAAR, 11th International Conference, June 2000. PP.633-642.
[30] Hammersley, G.P. “Procedures for Assessing the Potential Alkali-Reactivity of Aggregate Sources,” ICAAR, 9th International Conference, July 1992. PP.411-431.
[31] Bragg, D. “Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity in Newfoundland, Canada,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.27, Number 2, April 2000. PP.192-203.
[32] ASTM C295-90 “Standard Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregate for Concrete,” 1998.
[33] Bérubé, M.A., Fournier, B., Mongeau, P., Dupont, N., Ouellet, C., and Frenette, J. “Effectiveness of the Accelerated Mortar Bar Method, ASTM C-9 Proposal P214 or NBRI, for Assessing Potential AAR in Québec(Canada) ,” ICAAR, 9th International Conference, July 1992. PP.92-101.
[34] Hooton, R.D., and Rogers, C.A. “Development of the NBRI Rapid Mortar Bar Test Leading to Its Use in North America,” ICAAR, 9th International Conference, July 1992. PP.461-467.
[35] Shayan, A., Diggins, R.G., Ivanusec, I., and Westgate, P.L. “Accelerated Testing of Some Australian and Overseas Aggregates for Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity,” C.C.R., 1988. 18:PP.221-230.
[36] CSA A23.2-26A “Determination of Potential Alkali-Carbonate Reactivity of Quarried Carbonate Rocks by Chemical Composition,” June 1994.
[37] ASTM C289-94 “Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Aggregates(Chemical Method) ,” 1998.
[38] ASTM C227-97a “Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Re- activity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method) ,” 1998.
[39] Hooton, R. D. “Recent Developments in Testing for ASR in North America,” ICAAR, 10th International Conference, August 1996. PP.280-287.
[40] ASTM C1260-94 “Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method) ,” 1998.
[41] CSA A23.2-25A “Test Method for Detection of Alkali-Silica Reactive Aggregate by Accelerated Expansion of Mortar Bars,” June 1994.
[42] Davies, G., and Oberholster, R.E. “An Interlaboratory Test Programme on the NBRI Accelerated Test to Determine the Alkali Reactivity of Aggregate,” National Building Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Special Report BOU92, Pretoria, South Africa, 16P.
[43] Dahl, P.A., Meland, I., and Jensen, V. “Norwegian Experience with Different Test Methods for Alkali-Aggressive Reactivity,” ICAAR, 9th International Conference, July 1992. PP.224-230.
[44] 李釗、陳桂清、許書王、柯正龍、巫柏蕙，高雄港區混凝土構造物鹼質與粒料反應調查與潛勢分析研究，交通部運輸研究所港灣技術研究中心研究報告，2000年。
[45] ASTM C1293-95 “Standard Test Method for Concrete Aggregates by Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction,” 1998.
[46] CSA A23.2-14A “Potential Expansivity of Aggregates (Procedure for Length Change Due to Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete Prisms) ,” June 1994.
[47] Bérubé, M.A., Durand, B., Vézina, D., and Fournier, B. “Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity in Québec (Canada) ,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.27, Number 2, April 2000. PP.226-245.
[48] Grosbois, M. de, and Fontaine, E. “Performance of The 60℃-Accelerated Concrete Prism Test for The Evaluation of Potential Alkali-Reactivity of Concrete Aggregates,” ICAAR, 11th International Conference, June 2000. PP.277-286.
[49] Williams, D.A., and Rogers, C.A. “Field Trip Guide to Alkali-Carbonate Reaction in Kingston, Ontario,” Report MI-145, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Engineering Materials Office, Downsview, Ont.
[50] Bérubé, M.A., Frenette, J., Rivest, M., and Vézina, D. “Measurement of the Alkali Content of Concrete Using Hot Water Extraction,” ICAAR, 11th International Conference, June 2000. PP.159-168.
[51] Nishibayashi, S., and Yamura, K. “Effect of Reactive Fine Aggregate on Expansion Characteristics of Concrete Due to Alkali Aggregate Reaction,” ICAAR, 9th International Conference, July 1992. PP.723-730.
[52] Collins, R.J., and Bareham, P.D. “Alkali-Silica Reaction: Suppression of Expansion Using Porous Aggregate,” C.C.R., 1994. 17:PP.89-96.
[53] Duchesne, J., and Bérubé, M.A. “The Effectiveness of Supplementary Cementing Materials in Suppressing Expansion Due to ASR: Another Look at the Reaction Mechanisms: Part 1: Concrete Expansion and Portlandite Depletion,” C.C.R., 1994. 24:PP.73-82.
[54] Fournier, B., and Malhotra, V.M. “Evaluation of Laboratory Test Methods for Alkali-Silica Reactivity,” Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 1999. 21:PP.173-184.
[55] Thomas, M.D.A., and Innis “Use of the Accelerated Mortar Bar Test for Evaluating the Efficacy of Mineral Admixture for Controlling Expansion Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction,” Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 1999. 21:PP.157-164.
[56] Bleszynski, R., Hootton, R.D., and Thomas, M.D.A. “The Efficacy of Ternary Cementitious System for Controlling Expansion Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete,” ICAAR, 11th International Conference, June 2000. PP.583-592.
[57] Grattan-Bellew, P.E. “Comparison of Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Large Dam,” In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Concrete Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Hydroelectric Plants and Dam, Fredericton, N.B., September-October 1992. 23p.
[58] Shrimer, F.H. “Experience with Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in British Columbia,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.27, Number 2, April 2000. PP.277-293.
[59] Salomon, M., and Panetier, J.L. “Quantification du Degré D’avancement De l’alcali-Réaction Dans Les Bétons et la Néofissuration Associée,” In Supplementary papers of the 3rd CANMET/ACI International Conference on the durability of concrete, Nice, France, May 1994.PP.383-401.
[60] Rivard, P., Fournier, B., and Ballivy, G. “Quantitative Petrographic Technique for Concrete Damage Due to ASR: Experimental and Application,” Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 2000. 22:PP.63-72.
[61] Roger, C.A., and Hooton, R.D. “Leaching of Alkalies in Alkali-Aggregate Reaction Testing,” ICAAR, 8th International Conference, August 1989. PP.327-332.
[62] Nixon, P.J., and Bollinghaus, R. “The Effect of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction on the Tensile and Compressive Strength of Concrete,” Durability of Building Materials, 1985. 2:PP.243-248.
[63] Wood, J.G.M., Norris, P., and Leek, D. “Physical Behavior of AAR Damaged Concrete in Structures and in Test Conditioning,” ICAAR, 8th International Conference, August 1989. PP.765-770.
[64] Stark, D. “Handbook for the Identification of Alkali-Silica Reactivity in Highway Structures,” National Research Council, Washington, 1991.
[65] ASTM C856-95 “Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete,” 1998.
[66] AASHTO T 299-93 “Standard Method of Test for Rapid Identification of Alkali Silica Reaction Products in Concrete,” 1998.
[67] Guthrie, Jr., George D., and Carey, J.W. “A Simple Environmentally Friendly, and Chemically Specific Method for The Identification and Evaluation of The Alkali-Silica Reaction,” C.C.R., 1997. 27:PP.1407-1417.
[68] ISE “Structural Effects of Alkali-Silica Reaction─Technical Guidance Appraisal of Existing Structures,” The Institution of Structural Engineers, London, U.K., 1992. SW1X 8BH, PP.45.
[69] Solymar, Z.V. “Instrumentation and Monitoring of Concrete Expansion,” In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Acres Geotechnical Seminar, Niagara Falls, Ont., April 1989. PP.13.
[70] Thompson, G.A., Charlwood, R.G., Steele, R.R., and Coulson, D.M. “Rehabilitation Program─Mactaquac Generating Station, N.B. ,” In Proceeding of the CANMET/ACI International Workshop on Alkali-Aggregate Reactions in Concrete, Dartmouth, N.S. 1995. PP.355-368.
[71] Danay, A., Adeghe, L., and Hindy, A. “Diagnosis of the Cause of the Progressive Concrete Deformations at Saunders Dam,” Concrete International, September 1993. PP.25-33.
[72] Durand, B. “Long-Term Monitoring Results of Concrete Electrical Tower Foundations Affected by ASR and Repaired with Different Products and Repair Methods,” ICAAR, 11th International Conference, June 2000. PP.1049-1058.
[73] Stokes, D.B. “Use of Lithium to Combat Alkali-Silica Reaction,” In Proceeding of the CANMET/ACI International Workshop on Alkali-Aggregate Reactions in Concrete, Dartmouth, N.S. 1995. PP.233-241.
[74] Cavalcanti, A.J.C.T., and Silveira, J.F.A. “Investigations on the Moxoto Powerhouse Concrete Affected by Alkali-Silica Reaction,” ICAAR, 8th International Conference, August 1989. PP.797-802.
[75] Gocevski, V., and Pietruszczak, S. “Assessment of the Effects of Slot-Cutting in Concrete Dams Affected by Alkali-Aggregate Reaction,” ICAAR, 11th International Conference, June 2000. PP.1303-1312.
[76] Langley, W.S. “Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity in Nova Scotia,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.27, Number 2, April 2000. PP.204-211.
[77] DeMerchant, D.P., Fournier, B., and Strang, F. “Alkali-Aggregate Research in New Brunswick,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.27, Number 2, April 2000. PP.212-225.
[78] Sidney, M. and Young, J.F. Concrete , PP.444-448.
[79] Sidney, M. and Young, J.F. Concrete , PP.441-442.
[80] Bungey, J. H.,“Testing of Concrete in Structure,” 2nd ed. Surrey University Press U.S.A. 1994.
[81] 廖肇昌，蕭興台，混凝土內骨材鹼性反應之特性及其對鋼筋混凝土構件之影響，結構工程，第二十三卷第二期，1996。
[82] Roger, C.A., and Hooton, R.D. “Reduction in Mortar and Concrete Expansion with Reactive Aggregates Due to Alkali Leaching,” Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 1991. 13:PP.42-49.