支撐臂效應與斜式旋翼垂直軸風力機三維氣動力模擬

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研究生：	鄭沛倫 Pei-lun Zheng
論文名稱：	支撐臂效應與斜式旋翼垂直軸風力機三維氣動力模擬 Three-Dimensional and Arm Effects on Aerodynamics Simulation for the Slant-H-Rotor Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
指導教授：	吳俊諆 Jiunn-chi Wu
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	127
中文關鍵詞：	支撐臂修正、垂直軸風力機、三維氣動力分析、計算流體力學
外文關鍵詞：	three-dimensional aerodynamics analysis, computational fluid dynamics, Vertical axis wind turbine, arm correlation
相關次數：	點閱：9 下載：0
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垂直軸風力機(vertical axis wind turbine)葉片的非定常空氣動力受到複雜流體行為主導，主要是來自隨著旋轉角度變化的相對攻角，誘發渦流和尾流的產生以及紊流尾流間的交互作用。此外，支撐支撐臂亦會干擾風的流動，並造成與風力機轉動方向相反的力矩，影響葉片的受力特性以及風力機效能，目前這方面的研究仍相對缺乏。
本研究以計算流體力學軟體FLUENT模擬10 kW斜式旋翼垂直軸風力機的三維氣動力特性，模擬外型除主葉片外，亦將支撐臂、塔架納入考慮，以檢視在風速為2~12 m/s、尖端速度比為1~4，葉片的推力變化，輔以模擬視流分析動態失速前後，渦流溢放的特性以及對推力的影響。此外，另一項重點在於分析支撐臂修正影響、幾何外型有無支撐臂和塔架等因素對葉片受力、功率特性的影響，並歸納各風速下合適的操作轉速。研究結果顯示出幾何外型有無支撐臂和塔架對葉片推力、風力機功率特性造成明顯的差異，當風速為6 m/s，僅含主翼的功率係數最大值(Cp,max=0.239)發生於尖端速度比為3，主翼、支撐臂、塔架功率係數最大值(Cp,max=0.304)發生於尖端速度比為2，淨值較僅含主翼提昇6.5%。在支撐臂修正影響方面，支撐臂導致的反向力矩在較高尖端速度比時(λ=3、4)，於各風速下皆會明顯降低功率係數。以功率係數大於0.25為基準，歸納風力機在各風速下適合的操作轉速，其中當風速介於2~4 m/s，建議轉速應控制在尖端速度比為2，當風速介於6~ 12 m/s，建議轉速應控制在尖端速度比為2~3的範圍內。

The vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) has an inherent unsteady aerodynamic behavior due to the variance of angle of attack with the revolutionary angle, causing the generation of the turbulence wake and the wake interaction between blades. In addition, the support arm will also disturb wind flow motion, generating counter torque when the blades are rotating, affecting the characteristic of blade loading and the performance of VAWT. To date, few studies have done in these area.
This research uses computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT to simulate the three-dimensional aerodynamics flow of a 10 kW slant-H-rotor VAWT, which has the unique design of curve blades. The effect of support arm and tower is also considered. Solution of three-dimensional flow is obtained to study thrust of blades, the development of vortex shedding when dynamic stall occurs under incoming velocity is from 2 to 12 m/s with various tip speed ratio (1-4). Another key point of the study is to investigate the effect of arm correction, the geometry with/without arm on blade loading and on the performance of VAWT. Finally, the appropriate operation condition under various wind velocity for slant-H-rotor VAWT are summarized. The simulation result indicates the geometry with/without arm make huge difference on blade loading and the performance of VAWT, the maximum power coefficient (Cp,max) is 0.239 at tip speed ratio of 3 for geometry with blade-only, while Cp,max is 0.304 at tip speed ratio of 2 for geometry with blade, arm and tower. For the effect of arm correction, result shows counter torque causing by arm reduces the power coefficient significantly under tip speed ratio is 3 and 4 with various wind velocity. In terms of power coefficient higher than 0.25, the appropriate operation condition for slant-H-rotor VAWT are summarized. When wind velocity is 2 to 4 m/s, the appropriate tip speed ratio is 2, while wind velocity is 6 to 12 m/s, the appropriate tip speed ratio is 2 to 3.

中文摘要...................................................І
Abstract..................................................II
誌謝.....................................................III
目錄......................................................IV
圖目錄...................................................VII
表目錄...................................................XII
符號說明................................................XIII
第一章  緒論...............................................1
1風力機發展背景..........................................1
2 風力發電機概論.........................................4
2.1 水平軸風力機.........................................4
2.2垂直軸式風力發電機....................................6
3 垂直軸風力機的氣動力模擬文獻回顧.......................9
4研究目的...............................................17
5論文架構...............................................18
第二章 氣動力基礎理論.....................................20
1 理論功率係數上限......................................20
1.1 貝茲動量理論........................................20
1.2 Darrius風力機功率係數極限...........................22
2 座標系統..............................................24
3垂直軸風力機氣動力特性.................................26
3.1 無因次參數分析......................................26
3.2 雷諾數影響..........................................27
3.3相對功角變化.........................................28
3.4 動態失速............................................30
3.5流動曲率影響.........................................34
3.6 弧狀型葉片..........................................36
4 支撐臂效應............................................37
4.1 寄生阻力............................................37
4.2 支撐臂修正公式......................................37
第三章 數值模擬方法.......................................40
1 統御方程式............................................40
2 紊流模型..............................................41
2.1 標準k-ε紊流模式....................................41
2.2 Realizable k-ε紊流模式.............................42
3 壁面函數..............................................43
3.1 標準壁面函數........................................44
4 邊界條件..............................................45
5 滑動網格法............................................45
6 數值方法..............................................46
6.1 離散法則............................................46
6.2 求解流程............................................48
6.3 速度與壓力耦合......................................49
第四章 數值模型...........................................51
1 幾何外型..............................................51
2 計算區域..............................................52
3 邊界與數值方法設定....................................54
4 週期性................................................54
5 網格獨立性分析........................................55
5.1 格點數測試..........................................55
5.2 時間間隔測試........................................57
6 計算區域大小測試......................................58
第五章 結果與討論.........................................62
1 參數規劃..............................................62
2 斜式螺旋型葉片氣動力特性..............................62
2.1 葉片受力特性........................................62
2.2 類二維分析..........................................79
3 支撐臂修正............................................82
3.1 額定風速分析........................................82
3.2 斜式螺旋型葉片功率特性..............................92
4 有無加上支撐臂和塔架後的效能差異......................95
第六章 結論與建議........................................100
1 結論.................................................100
2 建議.................................................101
參考文獻.................................................103

                                

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