國內生產毛額GDP(Gross Domestic Product)是目前最廣泛且快速判斷一個國家的經濟力指標。隨著其廣泛程度，諸多學者大量討論有助於GDP增長的因素，然而，但目前尚無針對探測人口的教育素質與人口結構於同一模型中共同探討。本研究認為，GDP受到出生率、死亡率、接受高等教育的人口百分比的有顯著影響，尤其是在歐美高等教育中任職的女性教師比例會更有正向關係。

為了研究高GDP國家的特性，選其人口統計與教育統計探測影響GDP的關係，並蒐集了2004至2019年，共六個國家的人口統計與教育統計數據。結果表明，出生率、死亡率、接受高等教育的25至64歲人口比例，確實對國內生產毛額有顯著影響。

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is a widely accepted indicator of a country's economic power. With its popularity, many scholars have discussed the factors that may contribute to the growth of GDP. However, no studies have directly examined the quality and quantity of people on the index in the same model. The study posits that GDP is significantly affected by birth rate, mortality rate, percentage of population receiving tertiary education. Especially percentage of female faculties serving in higher educations in Europe and America.

In order to study the characteristics of high GDP countries, we select their demographics and education statistics to detect the relationship that affects Gross Domestic Production. Six countries of demographics and education statistics expanding from 2004 to 2019 are collected. The result shows that birth rate, mortality rate, percentage of the 25-to-64-year-olds population receiving tertiary education, indeed have significant effect on Gross Domestic Production.

〔1〕Landefeld, J. Steven. "GDP: One of the Great Inventions of the 20th Century." Survey of Current Business 80.1 (2000): 6-14.
〔2〕Kuznets, Simon. "Modern economic growth: findings and reflections." The American economic review 63.3 (1973): 247-258.
〔3〕Khodabakhshi, Akbar. "Relationship between GDP and human development indices in India." Society of Interdisciplinary Business Research (SIBR) 2011 Conference on Interdisciplinary Business Research. 2011.
〔4〕Maestas, Nicole, Kathleen J. Mullen, and David Powell. The effect of population aging on economic growth, the labor force and productivity. No. w22452. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016.
〔5〕Jerome Blum, Rondo Cameron, Thomas G. Barnes, The European world: a history（2nd ed 1970）page 885, Little, Brown, 1996.11
〔6〕Louis D. Johnston and Samuel H. Williamson, "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" MeasuringWorth, 2008. https://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/usgdp/
〔7〕 Psacharopoulos, George. "Returns to education: an updated international comparison." Comparative education 17.3 (1981): 321-341.
〔8〕Tartiyus, Eli H., T. M. Dauda, and Amade Peter. "Impact of population growth on economic growth in Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSRJHSS) 20.4 (2015): 115-123.
〔9〕United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2020). World Population Ageing 2019 (ST/ESA/SER.A/444)
〔10〕Ifa, Adel, and Imène Guetat. "Does public expenditure on education promote Tunisian and Moroccan GDP per capita? ARDL approach." The Journal of Finance and Data Science 4.4 (2018): 234-246.
〔11〕Börsch-Supan, Axel H., and Matthias Weiss. "Productivity and the age composition of work teams: Evidence from the assembly line." (2008).
〔12〕Goldin, Claudia, and Lawrence F. Katz. "Long-run changes in the US wage structure: Narrowing, widening, polarizing." (2007).
〔13〕Bassanini, Andrea, and Stefano Scarpetta. "Les moteurs de la croissance dans les pays de l'OCDE: analyse empirique sur des données de panel." Revue économique de l'OCDE 33.2 (2001): 7-58.
〔14〕行政院性別平等會：
〈2019年我國性別不平等指數(GII)發布說明〉，2021年1月15日，取自
https://www.gender.ey.gov.tw/gecdb/Stat_International_Node0.aspx?s=F3FDhlObyRpCfF%24GNWBwHA%40%40
〔15〕賴秀玲：〈女性職場處境與經濟地位〉，取自
https://www.stat.gov.tw/public/Attachment/34191502371.pdf
〔16〕World Econmic Forum：The Future of Jobs Report 2018, 2018/9/17
https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitveness-report-2018
〔17〕Kelleher, Fatimah, et al. ,Women and the teaching profession: Exploring the feminisation debate. Unesco, 2011.
〔18〕Center for Global Development：〈Six Things You Should Know about Female Teachers〉，2020年3月6日，取自https://www.cgdev.org/blog/six-things-you-should-know-about-female-teachers
〔19〕Sterlacchini, Alessandro. "Do innovative activities matter to small firms in non-R&D-intensive industries? An application to export performance." Research Policy 28.8 (1999): 819-832.
〔1〕Landefeld, J. Steven. "GDP: One of the Great Inventions of the 20th Century." Survey of Current Business 80.1 (2000): 6-14.
〔2〕Kuznets, Simon. "Modern economic growth: findings and reflections." The American economic review 63.3 (1973): 247-258.
〔3〕Khodabakhshi, Akbar. "Relationship between GDP and human development indices in India." Society of Interdisciplinary Business Research (SIBR) 2011 Conference on Interdisciplinary Business Research. 2011.
〔4〕Maestas, Nicole, Kathleen J. Mullen, and David Powell. The effect of population aging on economic growth, the labor force and productivity. No. w22452. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016.
〔5〕Jerome Blum, Rondo Cameron, Thomas G. Barnes, The European world: a history（2nd ed 1970）page 885, Little, Brown, 1996.11
〔6〕Louis D. Johnston and Samuel H. Williamson, "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" MeasuringWorth, 2008. https://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/usgdp/
〔7〕 Psacharopoulos, George. "Returns to education: an updated international comparison." Comparative education 17.3 (1981): 321-341.
〔8〕Tartiyus, Eli H., T. M. Dauda, and Amade Peter. "Impact of population growth on economic growth in Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSRJHSS) 20.4 (2015): 115-123.
〔9〕United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2020). World Population Ageing 2019 (ST/ESA/SER.A/444)
〔10〕Ifa, Adel, and Imène Guetat. "Does public expenditure on education promote Tunisian and Moroccan GDP per capita? ARDL approach." The Journal of Finance and Data Science 4.4 (2018): 234-246.
〔11〕Börsch-Supan, Axel H., and Matthias Weiss. "Productivity and the age composition of work teams: Evidence from the assembly line." (2008).
〔12〕Goldin, Claudia, and Lawrence F. Katz. "Long-run changes in the US wage structure: Narrowing, widening, polarizing." (2007).
〔13〕Bassanini, Andrea, and Stefano Scarpetta. "Les moteurs de la croissance dans les pays de l'OCDE: analyse empirique sur des données de panel." Revue économique de l'OCDE 33.2 (2001): 7-58.
〔14〕行政院性別平等會：
〈2019年我國性別不平等指數(GII)發布說明〉，2021年1月15日，取自
https://www.gender.ey.gov.tw/gecdb/Stat_International_Node0.aspx?s=F3FDhlObyRpCfF%24GNWBwHA%40%40
〔15〕賴秀玲：〈女性職場處境與經濟地位〉，取自
https://www.stat.gov.tw/public/Attachment/34191502371.pdf
〔16〕World Econmic Forum：The Future of Jobs Report 2018, 2018/9/17
https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitveness-report-2018
〔17〕Kelleher, Fatimah, et al. ,Women and the teaching profession: Exploring the feminisation debate. Unesco, 2011.
〔18〕Center for Global Development：〈Six Things You Should Know about Female Teachers〉，2020年3月6日，取自https://www.cgdev.org/blog/six-things-you-should-know-about-female-teachers
〔19〕Sterlacchini, Alessandro. "Do innovative activities matter to small firms in non-R&D-intensive industries? An application to export performance." Research Policy 28.8 (1999): 819-832.