南投紅菜坪地滑與地化特徵之關聯｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	林佩瑩 Pei-Ying Lin
論文名稱：	南投紅菜坪地滑與地化特徵之關聯 The relation between geochemical characteristics and landslide in Hungtsaiping area, Nantou, Taiwan
指導教授：	蔡龍珆 Louis Loung-Yei Tsai
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	地球科學學院 - 應用地質研究所 Graduate Institute of Applied Geology
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	226
中文關鍵詞：	水化學。、地滑、山崩、地化特徵、同位素
外文關鍵詞：	hydrochemistry., isotope, geochemical characteristics, landslide
相關次數：	點閱：6 下載：0
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紅菜坪地區位於台灣中部南投縣中寮鄉樟平溪上游之永祿溪南岸，紅菜坪地滑引發於1999年9月20日(UTC)集集大地震(Mw=7.6)。本研究選用地化方法: 同位素及水化學結合地形及地質調查建立地化特徵與臺灣南投紅菜坪地滑之關聯。於2008年5月至2009年5月進行月採樣，水樣包含溪流、池塘、地下水、滲水及永祿溪溪水並分析各樣品之氫氧同位素、特定離子濃度、電導度及pH值。由水文地化分析結果顯示降雨補注或水土平衡不能完全解釋地下水的化學特性，各個水體間的相關性可藉由水化學及同位素組成隨時間、空間之變化來解釋；中至上邊坡的水體型態為Ca/Mg-HCO3-、下邊坡則為Na-HCO3-且水體含有非預期性高的硫酸根離子，且濃度隨著高程增加而遞減。綜合水文地化特徵及剖面資料分別建立流場概念模式以探討之水來源及流徑。

Hungtsaiping is located at the south bank of the Yonglu stream (the upper stream of Jhangping Stream), Chungliao Village of Nantou County, central Taiwan. Occurring on September 20, 1999 UTC, Hungtsaiping landslide was triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake (Mw=7.6) which occurred near the town of Chi-Chi in Nantou County, central Taiwan. Coping with the geological and geomorphologic investigations, this study makes an attempt to find the relation between geochemical characteristics and landslide in Hungtsaiping area. Geochemical methods including isotope and hydrochemistry were used in this study. Water sampling was carried out from May 2008 to May 2009. Water samples were collected from spring waters, creeks, ponds, groundwater and the Yonglu stream once every month during the studying period. Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope, ionic concentrations, as well as electrical conductivity and pH value were analyzed. The relationship between geochemical characteristics and landslide can then be evaluated. Analytic results indicate that calcium and magnesium bicarbonate-rich water was found on the top and the middle part of the slope. On the other hand, sodium bicarbonate-rich water as well as exceptionally high sulfate concentration was found on the foot of the slope, the sulfate content decreased with increasing elevations until the middle part of slope. A conceptual model of flow process and water origin in Hungtsaiping landslide was established by summarizing the features of hydrogeochemical analyses and the profiles in this study.

Table of Contents
摘要	i
ABSTRACT	ii
誌謝	iii
Table of Contents 	v
List of figures	viii
List of tables	xiii
1.	Introduction	1
1-1  Hungtsaiping: the study area	1
1-2  Study methods of landslide	3
1-2-1 Isotopes	3
1-2-2 Hydrochemistry	4
1-3  Objectives of this study	4
1-4  The framework of study	5
2. Literature review	6
2-1  Landslides triggered by earthquakes	6
2-1-1 1964 March 28 03:36 UTC Magnitude 9.2 Alaska	6
2-1-2 1999 September 20 17:47 UTC Magnitude 7.6 Taiwan	6
2-1-3 2003 August 21 12:12 UTC Magnitude 7.2 New Zealand	7
2-1-4 2004 October 23 08:56 UTC Magnitude 6.6 Japan	7
2-1-5 2007 March 25 00:41 UTC Magnitude 6.7 Japan	7
2-2  Regional geology of Hungtsaiping	8
2-2-1 Formations	8
2-2-2 Geologic structures	12
2-2-3 Geological profiles	16
2-2-4 Lithology	20
2-3  Geochemical factors of landslide studies	21
2-3-1 Isotopes of landslide studies	22
2-3-2 Hydrochemistry of landslide studies	27
3. Sampling and Analytical Methods	33
3-1  Procedures of study	33
3-2  Sampling locations	33
3-2-1 Sampling location of meteoric water	34
3-2-2 Sampling locations of surface water	34
3-2-3 Sampling locations of groundwater	34
3-2-4 Sampling locations of soil	34
3-3  Sampling procedures	34
3-3-1 Sampling procedures of meteoric water	35
3-3-2 Sampling procedures of surface water	35
3-3-3 Sampling procedures of groundwater	35
3-3-4 Sampling procedures of soil	35
3-4  Analytical methods	43
3-4-1 pH value	4444
3-4-2 Electrical conductivity	44
3-4-3 Oxygen isotope	45
3-4-4 Hydrogen isotope	46
3-4-5 Concentration of bicarbonate by titration	49
3-4-6 Concentration of specific ions by high-pressure ionic chromatography	50
3-4-7 Concentration of specific ions by atomic absorption spectrometry	51
3-4-8 Piper diagram	52
4. Results and Discussion	54
4-1  Characters of the study area	54
4-1-1 Precipitation	544
4-1-2 Chemical characteristics of soil	57
4-1-3 Field investigation	57
4-1-4 Sampling locations	64
4-2  Hydrochemistry	66
4-2-1 Hydrochemistry of surface water	66
4-2-2 Hydrochemistry of groundwater	76
4-3  Isotopic characteristics	86
4-3-1 Isotopic characteristics of meteoric water	86
4-3-2 Isotopic characteristics of surface water	86
4-3-3 Isotopic characteristics of groundwater	96
4-4  The spatial analysis among factors	103
4-5  The temporal analysis among factors	112
4-6  The conceptual flow model in Hungtsaiping landslide area	117
5. Conclusions and Suggestions	123
References	125
Appendix	129
7-1  Information of borehole logging	129
7-1-1 BH-2	130
7-1-2 BH-3	135
7-1-3 BH-7	139
7-1-4 BH-9	141
7-1-5 BH-10	148
7-1-6 BH-12	152
7-1-7 EH-01	154
7-1-8 EH-09	154
7-1-9 EH-05	155
7-1-10 EH-11	156
7-2  Data of hydrogeochemistry	157
7-3  Descriptive statistics of hydrochemistry	178
7-3-1 Descriptive statistics of hydrochemistry of all samples	178
7-3-2 Descriptive statistics of hydrochemistry of groundwater	191
7-3-3 Descriptive statistics of hydrochemistry of surface water	204
7-4 Descriptive statistics of isotopes	217
7-4-1 Descriptive statistics of isotopes of all samples	217
7-4-2 Descriptive statistics of isotopes of groundwater	220
7-4-3 Descriptive statistics of isotopes of surface water	223
7-5 Diagram		226

                                

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