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研究生: 蕭嵎之
Yu-jhih Hsiao
論文名稱: 電力線通訊通道量測與發射機實現
Channel Measurement and Transmitter Implementation of Power Line Communications
指導教授: 陳逸民
Yih-min Chen
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系
Department of Communication Engineering
論文出版年: 2013
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 91
中文關鍵詞: 電力線通訊正交分頻多工現場可程式化閘陣列
外文關鍵詞: PLC, OFDM, FPGA
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  • 電力線通訊近來蓬勃發展,可藉由既有之電力線路傳遞訊號,不需重
    新佈線,可解決通訊傳輸中最後一哩的問題。在本篇論文中,對電力線通
    道進行了以軟體方式的測量環境,並且針對電力線通道的特有現象進行探
    討,包括了特殊雜訊以及通道變化等。
    此外設計並且實現了在電力線上通訊的即時軟體定義OFDM 發射機與
    接收機。在平台使用了FPGA 實驗板、數位轉類比與類比轉數位開發板以
    及自製電力線類比前級。在發射機之訊號處理模組中設計了串列轉並列處
    理器、高速回旋碼編碼器、訊號交錯器、星座圖映射器、反快速傅立葉轉
    換器、循環字首置入器和前導符碼置入器等,而在接收機設計了訊號同步
    器、快速傅立葉轉換器、通道估測器、通道等化器、硬式決策器、訊號解
    交錯器及通道解碼器等。傳送頻帶為2.3MHz~20MHz,在64-QAM的模式
    之下最高傳輸率為42.52Mbps 。


    Power Line Communication (PLC) system is a flourishing communication technology, which can transmit signal over the existing AC electrical wiring without building whole new network and deal with the last mile issue. In this thesis, we formed a software method to measuring PLC channel's feature and investigated a particular phenomenon of powerline channel-special noise and channel changing.

    In other way, we design and implement a real-time software defined OFDM transceiver over powerline. In this platform, we use FPGA, DAC/ADC EVM board and design PLC Analogy-Front-End (AFE). The transmitter includes parallel-to-serial module, high-rate convolutional encoder, signal interleaver, constellation mapper, Invers FFT, cyclic prefix inserter and preamble inserter. The receiver includes signal synchronizer, FFT, channel estimator, channel equalizer, hard decider, signal de-interleaver and channel decoder etc. Transmission bandwidth between 2.3MHz$ and 20MHz$. In 64-QAM mode, the maximum throughput is around 42.52Mbps.

    中文摘要.............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... ii 謝誌...................................................................................................................... iii 目錄...................................................................................................................... v 圖目錄..................................................................................................................viii 表目錄.................................................................................................................. xii 一、緒論.............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究動機與背景. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 章節簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 二、電力線通訊簡介.......................................................................................... 3 2.1 電力線通訊標準. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 電力線通道特性. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.1 電力線通道雜訊. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.2 電力線通道負載變化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2.3 電力線長度衰減. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.3 電力線通道實測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.3.1 實測介紹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.3.2 實測結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.4 取樣率偏移. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 三、電力線通訊系統.......................................................................................... 18 3.1 自訂規格電力線系統. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.2 迴旋碼. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.3 訊號交錯. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.4 星座圖映射. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.5 正交分頻多工. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.6 快速傅立葉轉換. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.7 循環字首. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.8 前導符碼. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 四、電力線通訊發射機硬體實現...................................................................... 36 4.1 開發流程. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.2 FPGA 開發環境. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.3 電力線發射機系統架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.4 FIFO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.5 並列轉串列. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.6 高速迴旋碼. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.7 訊號交錯器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4.8 星座圖映射器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.9 子載波映射器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.10 快速傅立葉轉換器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.10.1 FFT/IFFT 切換. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.10.2 蝶型運算器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.10.3 座標軸數位旋轉計算器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.10.4 旋轉因子產生單元. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.10.5 FFT 時序控制. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.10.6 位元反轉排序. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.11 循環字首置入器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.12 前導符碼置入器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.13 軟體定義發射機. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4.14 發射機電路合成報告. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 五、電力線通訊接收機硬體實現...................................................................... 66 5.1 電力線接收機系統架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.2 時序同步器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.2.1 延遲相關器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.2.2 峰值檢測器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.2.3 訊號偵測器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 5.2.4 符碼同步器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 5.3 通道估測與等化器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.3.1 通道估測器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.3.2 通道等化器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.4 硬式決策器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 5.5 訊號解交錯器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.6 腓特比解碼器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 5.7 軟體定義接收機. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.8 接收機電路合成報告. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 5.9 平台架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 六、結論.............................................................................................................. 88 參考文獻.............................................................................................................. 89

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