本研究利用行政院衛生署國民健康局於民國八十一年、八十七年所辦理的「第七次、第八次台灣地區縣市家庭計劃與生育保健調查」資料†，探討妊娠婦女採行產檢的次數對新生兒健康的影響，其中新生兒健康以其出生體重為衡量指標。妊娠婦女的產檢次數是促進新生兒健康的重要投入，然而妊娠婦女使用產檢的次數可能與研究者無法觀察之婦女健康稟賦相關。為避免產檢變數的內生性問題影響實證估計的結果，我們利用兩階段最小平方法建構實證模型，先以工具變數估計婦女產檢使用的估計值，進而檢驗妊娠婦女的產檢使用對於新生兒健康的影響效果。本研究以婦女的保險類別與其居住地之婦產科醫療可近性指標作為推估婦女產檢使用的工具變數。因為在政府實施全民健康保險前，唯有公保制度提供被保險人及其眷屬免費的產前檢查，其餘非隸屬公保制度的婦女，則必須自行負擔產前檢查的費用；直到民國八十四年全民健保開辦後，公保婦女與非公保婦女才享有相等的生育補助福利。有鑑於不同保險類別之婦女在健保實施前後所享有的產檢補助有異，且婦女居住當地之婦產科醫療資源可近性可能左右婦女產檢使用的次數，但卻不影響婦女最終生育的結果，因此我們以妊娠婦女的保險類別與婦產科醫療資源可近性指標作為產檢的工具變數。
依據本研究實證估計的結果，全民健保的實施對於提升婦女的產檢使用次數有幫助，而且婦女使用產前檢查與新生兒健康有顯著正向的關聯（婦女多採行一次產前檢查可提升約148公克的新生兒出生體重），顯示健保制度規劃免費產檢對促進新生兒健康具有一定的影響。此外，我們建議未來的相關研究若是能夠取得更為詳細的受訪婦女資料，並計算不同保險別之婦女採行產檢的成本，同時將婦女所使用之產檢內容的差異量化於模型中，則可更明確地定義產檢次數與新生兒健康的關聯性。

中文部分
1. 《內政統計年報》，內政部統計處，民國七十六至八十一年、八十四至八十七年。
2. 《公務人員保險手冊》，公保月刊社，民國七十四年。
3. 公務人員保險醫療辦法。銓敘部核定台特四字第三六一七號令核定施行，民國五十年五月二十五日；考試院令發布廢止，八十四年五月一日。
4. 全民健康保險預防保健實施辦法。行政院衛生署衛署健保字第八四○○八八五九號令發布，八十四年一月二十七日。
5. 《全民健康保險制度規劃技術報告》，經建會都市及住宅發展處，民國七十九年。
6. 林欣蓉與李美玲（2002），「嬰兒健康生產函數－台灣的實證研究」，經濟論文叢刊，30:1, 第77-111頁。
7. 勞工保險條例。總統令制定公布，民國四十七年七月二十一日。
8. 農民健康保險條例。總統華總（一）義字第三二六八號令公布，民國七十八年六月二十三日。
9. 《衛生統計》，行政院衛生署，民國七十六至八十一年、八十四至八十七年。
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