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研究生： 童子函
Tung-Tzu Han
論文名稱： 改良型差分麥克風陣列之波束成型系統設計與實現
Design and Implementation of an Improved Differential Microphone Arrays Beamforming System
指導教授： 徐國鎧
Kuo-Kai Shyu
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 資訊電機學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2018
畢業學年度： 106
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 76
中文關鍵詞： 麥克風陣列 、差分麥克風陣列 、波束成型 、白雜訊增益 、分時取樣
外文關鍵詞： Microphone array, Differential Microphone Array, Beamforming, white noise gain, Time-interleaved sampling
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    • 本論文主要研製一個麥克風陣列之波束成型系統，麥克風陣列是一個非常敏感的系統，受致於麥克風的放大倍率、延遲時間以及擺放位置有所不同，所呈現的指向性會有極大的不同，並且麥克風陣列常會有白雜訊增益的問題。因此本論文藉由設計與實現均勻線性的差分麥克風陣列波束成型系統，分析硬體電路以及演算法架構對雜訊的影響且比較常見的兩種差分麥克風陣列架構並對其做出改良，以改善原有架構的缺點，並使開發人員在設計時對於不同的需求，有更多樣化的選擇。

    This thesis focuses on the design and implementation of a differential microphone array beamforming system. The microphone array system is sensitive to the microphone's gain, delay time, and placement position. Those factor quite influence presented directivity. Moreover, the microphone array often suffers from white noise gain.
    Therefore, this paper designs and implements a uniform linear differential microphone array beamforming system. It analyzes the effect of algorithm on noise. Introduce the common two kinds of differential microphone array structure and make improvements to it. Allows developers to have more diversified choices for different needs when designing.

    摘要 i Abstract ii 致謝 iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vi 表目錄 ix 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目標 1 1.2 文獻探討 2 1.3 論文架構 3 第二章 麥克風陣列 4 2.1 麥克風陣列簡介 4 2.1 波束成形 6 第三章 差分麥克風陣列 9 3.1 差分麥克風陣列簡介 9 3.2 數學模型 11 3.3.1 波束圖形(Beampattern) 16 3.3.2 前後比 (Front-to-Back Ratios) 18 3.3.3 指向性因子 (Directivity Factors) 19 3.3.4 信噪比增益(Signal-to-Noise Ratio Gains) 19 3.3.5 白雜訊增益(White Noise Gain) 21 3.4 空間響應圖設計 21 3.4.1 零點配置設計 22 3.4.2 最佳化設計 23 3.5 各架構分析與改良 25 第四章 系統設計 28 4.1 硬體設計 28 4.1.1 MEMS麥克風 29 4.1.2 帶通濾波器 30 4.1.3 類比開關 30 4.1.4 偏壓電路 30 4.1.5 類比數位轉換器 31 4.1.6 數位類比訊號隔離 31 4.2 數位訊號處理器 32 4.3 分數延遲濾波器 33 4.4 分時取樣補償 35 第五章 實驗與討論 37 5.1 模擬結果 37 5.2 硬體電路實現 44 5.3 實驗結果與討論 49 5.3.1 實驗設置 49 5.3.2 實驗結果與討論 51 第六章 結論與未來展望 59 參考文獻 60

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