摘 要

本研究基於「系統概念與原則」及「運作機制」，探討金屬表面處理產業的危害分析與管理策略，並以某電鍍廠為案例，深入剖析其製程特性及潛在職業安全與環境風險。電鍍產業因涉及多種化學品和高風險操作，常伴隨健康損害及環境污染，因此研究著眼於建立事前預防的危害管理方法，以提升作業安全與健康水準。
研究方法包括文獻回顧以概述電鍍產業的製程特性與現存問題，並採用風險矩陣與決策樹分析等安全評估工具，以系統機制解析電鍍廠作業流程的潛在危害來源與高風險節點。結果顯示，電鍍製程可分為前處理、中間處理及後處理三大環節，各階段均涉及如化學物質洩漏、設備故障、操作錯誤等多重危害因素。研究進一步發現，製程系統由多個子系統組成，各子系統之間的輸入與輸出因素（如機械設備、化學物質及作業環境）對工程控制和防護具有直接影響。
研究結果部分，我們將該產業製程分成六個部分，並逐一製表探討其常見危害的風險矩陣並且製作計算決策樹分析來制訂該作業危害及預防對策。透過深入分析電鍍廠的日常作業流程，發現製程系統由多個子系統組成，每個子系統下包含多種作業單元，涉及電鍍、拋光、清潔等多個作業步驟。這些作業步驟的輸入與輸出因素，如機械設備、化學物質、作業環境等，對工程控制和防護具有直接影響。研究指出，從系統分析的角度出發，深入檢視整體工作流程對於辨識風險和潛在問題至關重要。透過系統機制的方法，不僅能確認各組成單元及其相互關聯，更能針對員工可能接觸到的危險源進行分類，從而建立一套完整的作業危害預防對策，有效提升職場安全與健康水準。
針對這些發現，研究制訂了針對性改善方案，包括加強化學品管理、設備操作流程、強化員工安全訓練及建立危害管理系統等，並提出一套整體化的管理架構，強調從系統視角切入，結合數據分析與實地驗證，系統性地降低職業災害發生概率，提高產業安全性。本研究不僅提供實用的危害管理框架，為電鍍廠改善職業安全衛生管理提供參考價值，也為金屬表面處理相關產業提供有效降低災害、保護勞工健康的可行解決方案。最後，研究對限制及未來方向進行討論，期望能促進更多相關領域的深入探索與實踐。

Abstract

This study, grounded in the concepts and principles of “systemic thinking” and “operational mechanisms,” examines hazard analysis and management strategies in the metal surface treatment industry through an in-depth case study of an electroplating plant. Electroplating involves the use of various chemicals and high-risk operational procedures, often leading to health impairments and environmental contamination. Therefore, this research focuses on developing proactive hazard management methods to enhance workplace safety and health.
The research methods include a literature review to outline the characteristics of electroplating processes and existing issues in the industry. Risk assessment tools, such as risk matrices and decision tree analysis, were employed to systematically identify potential hazard sources and high-risk nodes within the electroplating plant’s operational processes. The findings indicate that electroplating can be divided into three major stages—pre-treatment, intermediate treatment, and post-treatment—each posing multiple hazard factors, including chemical spills, equipment failures, and operational errors. Further analysis reveals that the overall process system is composed of several subsystems. The inputs and outputs of these subsystems (e.g., mechanical equipment, chemicals, and the work environment) have a direct impact on engineering controls and protective measures.
In the results, the electroplating process is categorized into six parts, each examined in a tabular format to discuss common hazards using risk matrices. Decision tree analyses are then developed to devise strategies for addressing these operational hazards and preventive measures. Through a thorough examination of daily operations in the electroplating plant, it was found that the process system comprises multiple subsystems, each consisting of various operational units and involving several steps—such as plating, polishing, and cleaning. The inputs and outputs of these steps, including mechanical equipment, chemicals, and the work environment, have a direct influence on engineering controls and protection. From a systemic perspective, closely scrutinizing the overall workflow is essential for identifying both risks and potential problems. Adopting a system-focused methodology not only clarifies how individual units are interlinked but also facilitates the classification of potential hazards to which employees may be exposed, thereby creating a comprehensive strategy for preventing occupational hazards and effectively enhancing workplace safety and health.
In response to these findings, targeted improvement measures have been proposed, including the enhancement of chemical management, equipment operation procedures, employee safety training, and the establishment of a hazard management system. An integrated management framework is introduced, emphasizing a systemic perspective supported by data analysis and onsite verification, thereby reducing the likelihood of occupational accidents and increasing overall industrial safety. This research not only offers a practical hazard management framework that can serve as a valuable reference for electroplating facilities seeking to improve occupational safety and health management, but it also provides feasible solutions for mitigating accidents and safeguarding worker health in the broader metal surface treatment sector. Lastly, the study discusses its limitations and suggests directions for future research, hoping to spur more in-depth exploration and practical applications in related fields.

參考文獻
中文部分
[1]方聖文，「科學工業園區勞工安全衛生人員的危害管理」，弘光科技大學，碩士論文，2011年。
[2]王海鈞，「環保問題對臺灣電鍍產業發展與經營策略之探討以中小企業為例」 明道大學，碩士論文，2019年。
[3]餘天琦、陳瑞敏，「勞工職業災害保險及保護法-理律新知」，2022年。
[4]李世珍、高梓木，「故障樹分析技術介紹. 工業安全衛生」，2004年。
[5]周向京、顏志華，「事故致因理論及根源分析方法淺析. 工業安全衛生」16-22頁，2010年。
[6]林凱偉，「製程危害管理系統之發展-以觸控面板製程為例」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，2014年。
[7]張恆瑞，「設備風險評估實際案例分析-工業安全衛生」73-86頁，2018年。
[8]陳文隆，「從安全意識紮根以5S防患未然」，品質月刊，2003年。
[9]陳俊諺，「針對操作步驟的危害及可操作性分析」，工業安全衛生，21-32頁，2022年。
[10]陳桓瑄，「電鍍製程的精實改善探討-以W公司為例」，國立屏東科技大學，碩士論文，2023年。
[11]蘇德勝，「我國職業災害概況分析及因應對策」，工業安全衛生(168)15-27頁，2010年。
[12]陳柏宇，「應用風險矩陣與決策樹分析於石化產業危害預防之探討」，中山大學，碩士論文，2018年。
[13]張家豪，「風險矩陣在高科技製程職安衛管理之應用研究」，臺灣大學，碩士論文，2015年。

英文部分
[1]Barrell, A. (1985). Developments in the control of major hazards. The Assessment And Control Of Major Hazards, 1-12.
[2]Crawley, F., & Tyler, B. (2015). HAZOP: Guide to best practice. Elsevier.
[3]Heinrich, H. W. (1941). Industrial Accident Prevention. A Scientific Approach. Industrial Accident Prevention. A Scientific Approach.(Second Edition).
[4]Roos, J., Celis, J.-P., Fransaer, J., & Buelens, C. (1990). The development of composite plating for advanced materials. Jom, 42, 60-63.
[5]Spence, C., Piqueras-Fiszman, B., Michel, C., & Deroy, O. (2014). Plating manifesto (II): the art and science of plating. Flavour, 3(1), 1-12.
[6]Wu, Z., Liu, W., & Nie, W. (2021). Literature review and prospect of the development and application of FMEA in manufacturing industry. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 112, 1409-1436.