企業組織為因應日益激烈的競爭環境以及快速變化的技術需求，紛紛採用團隊工作的方式來促進團隊成員彼此的互動及協調，以整合不同來源的專長、技能與資源。團隊式的彈性化運作方式能將擁有特定專長的一群人來負責特定的工作領堿，並使得企業能將商業策略與組織結構作更加緊密的結合，以創造優質的組織績效。因此，團隊運作的成功與否，與組織的生存與發展習習相關，在此情形下，團隊績效的研究也益顯重要。
本研究以「輸入－處理－輸出」的團隊績效模型，來探討團隊績效的影響因素，並提出一研究模型來探討這些因素是如何影響團隊績效。本研究採用團隊內的「社會支持」、團隊領導者的「主導程度」以及專案的「任務不確定性」作為影響「任務績效」的前因變項；並探討團隊內的「組織公民行為」對「社會支持」的影響，同時深入了解「任務不確定性」在「主導程度－團隊績效」之間關係的調節效果。
由於在資訊系統的發展，大多以團隊的方式來進行開發，且目前國內各大專院校資訊管理教育單位普遍設立「資訊系統開發專案」課程，以期學生能從實作當中學習到專案相關知識與團隊合作的經驗與智慧。因此，本研究以五所大專院校資訊管理系四年級學生為研究對象，探討學生資訊系統開發專案的團隊績效；以「問卷調查法」進行資料蒐集，得202份有效樣本。透過LISREL與SPSS來進行資料分析，以檢驗本研究模型和相關假說。
本研究結果發現，團隊內的「社會支持」對「任務績效」及「合作滿意度」有顯著正向影響、團隊的「組織公民行為」對「社會支持」有顯著的正向影響，且專案的「任務不確定性」對團隊績效中的「任務績效」有顯著的負向影響。本研究針對結果進一步提出幾項結論與建議，期供團隊領導者及團隊成員作參考。

Facing escalating global competition and the ever changing technological environments, business organizations tend to adopt work team structures to enhance coordination among different members and integrate various resource. Today, the survival and development of business organization very much depend on the success of work teams. As a results, there has been a growth in studies on team process and team performance.
Based on the IPO (Input-Process-Output) model, this study attempted to develop a con-ceptual framework on factors influencing team performance. Team performance in this study includes two dimensions, namely, cooperation satisfaction and task performance. Organiza-tional citizenship behavior (OCBs), directive leadership and task uncertainty were identified as inputs antecedents influencing team performance. This study also proposed that social support plays a mediating role between OCBs and team performance, and that task uncertain-ty moderates the relationship of directive leadership and task performance.
A Survey on college students who participated and completed their information system development project in the previous year was carried out, with 202 valid samples collected. Results indicate that the effects of social support on cooperation satisfaction and task perfor-mance are significant and OCB is helpful in building social support within teams. Furthermore, task uncertainty has negative effects on task performance.

一、中文部份
1.Project Management Institute著，熊培霖譯（民91），專案管理知識體系導讀指南，博頡策略顧問。
2.Robbins, S. P.著，李青芬、李雅婷、趙募芬合編譯（民83），組織行為學，華泰書局。
3.Rose, J.著，施貞夙譯（民87），經營優質團隊 (Build a Great team)，中國生產力中心。
4.王建忠（民90），團隊領導與團隊效能：團隊內互動的中介效果，國立臺灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
5.王美玲（民91），醫療產業團隊管理之實證研究，靜宜大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
6.吳恕偉（民86），兩岸資訊從業人員之組織公民行為研究，國立中央大學資訊管理研究所博士論文。
7.周汝及（民85），簡易專案管理，平安出版有限公司。
8.林淑姬（民81），薪酬公平程序公正與組織承諾組織公民行為關係，國立政治大學企業管理研究所未出版博士論文。
9.孫本初、呂育誠（民85），從分析單元論團隊的意義及其對公共管理之影響，政治大學學報，第73 集，下卷，頁145-177。
10.張翊祥（民93），團隊成員人格特質組合對團隊效能影響之研究，中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
11.許琬琪（民89），大專學生資訊系統開發專案團隊運作之探討，國立中山大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文。
12.陳盈純（民91），互依性和社會支持對研發團隊績效的影響－以溝通為干擾變項，國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
13.陳惠民（民87），高效率團隊：實務操演手冊，科技圖書股份有限公司。
14.傅振瑞（民94），組織內資訊人員知識分享態度之研究－多層次分析模型方法，國立中央大學資訊管理研究所博士論文。
15.黃振（民83），資訊系統開發之專案組織架構－一個多案例的研究，國立中山大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文。
16.黃敏萍（民89），跨功能任務團隊之結構與效能－任務特性與社會系絡之影響，國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
17.楊書成（民95），從社會交換理論觀點探討團隊成員內隱知識取得與分享之研究，國立中央大學資訊管理研究所博士論文。
18.劉自強（民97），國防預算籌編人員組織承諾對預算品質之影響－任務不確定性之干擾，國防大學財務管理研究所碩士論文。
19.蕭佩琪（民91），團隊成員間關係、主觀契合度與團隊效能之關係，銘傳大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
二、英文部分
1.Ainger, A., Ennals, R., Kaura, R., & Molyneux, P. (1995). Executive guide to business success through human-centred systems. Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. Secaucus, NJ, USA.
2.Bales, R. F. (1950). Interaction process analysis. Cambridge, Mass.
3.Bubshait, A. A., & Farooq, G. (1999). Team building and project success. Cost Engineering, 41(7), 34-38.
4.Campion, M. A., Medsker, G. J., & Higgs, A. C. (1993). Relations between work group characteristics and effectiveness: Implications for designing effective work groups. Personnel Psychology, 46(4), 823-847.
5.Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S., & French, J. R. (1975). Job demands and worker health; main effects and occupational differences. HEW Publication (NIOSH), 75.
6.David, E. H., & Thomas, M. R. (1997). An examination of the relationship be-tween work group characteristics and performance: Once more into the breech. Personnel Psychology, 50(3), 553-585.
7.Deeter-Schmelz, D. R., Kennedy, K. N., & Ramsey, R. P. (2002). Enriching our understanding of student team effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Education, 24(2), 114-124.
8.Deeter-Schmelz, D. R., & Ramsey, R. P. (1997). Considering sources and types of social support: A psychometric evaluation of the house and wells (1978) in-strument. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 17(1), 49-61.
9.Diamantopoulos, A. & Winklhofer, H. M. (2001). Index Construction with For-mative Indicators: An Alternative to Scale Development. Journal of Marketing Research, 38,269-277.
10.Diamantopoulos, A., Siguaw, J. A., & Strasse, B. (2006). Formative versus ref-lective indicators in organizational measure development: A comparison and empirical illustration. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 263-282.
11.Duncan, R. B. (1972). Characteristics of organizational environments and per-ceived environmental uncertainty. Administrative Science Quarterly, 313-327.
12.Dunlop, P. D., & Lee, K. (2004). Workplace deviance, organizational citizenship behavior, and business unit performance: The bad apples do spoil the whole bar-rel. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(1)
13.Ehrhart, M. G., Bliese, P. D., & Thomas, J. L. (2006). Unit-level OCB and unit effectiveness: Examining the incremental effect of helping behavior. Human Performance, 19(2), 159-173.
14.Faraj, S., & Sambamurthy, V. (2006). Leadership of information systems devel-opment projects. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 53(2), 238-249.
15.George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2002). Understanding and managing organiza-tional behavior. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ.
16.Gladstein, D. L. (1984). Groups in context: A model of task group effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 499-517.
17.Goolsby, J. R. (1992). A theory of role stress in boundary spanning positions of marketing organizations. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20(2), 155-164.
18.Hackman, J. R. (1968). Effects of task characteristics on group interaction process and group performance effectiveness: A review and proposed integration. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 8.
19.Hackman, J. R. (1983). A normative model of work team effectiveness. Storming Media.
20.Hackman, J. R. (2002). Leading teams: Setting the stage for great performances. Boston, Harvard Business School, 86-97.
21.Hirst, M. K. (1987). The effects of setting budget goals and task uncertainty on performance: A theoretical analysis. Accounting Review, 774-784.
22.Hoffman, L. R. (1961). Conditions for creative problem solving. Journal of Psy-chology, 52(2), 429-444.
23.House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Addison Wesley Publishing Company.
24.Howell, J. P., Dorfman, P. W., & Kerr, S. (1986). Moderator variables in leader-ship research. Academy of Management Review, 88-102.
25.Jaccard, J., & Wan, C. K. (1996). LISREL approaches to interaction effects in multiple regression. Sage.
26.Jessup, H. R. (1992). The road to results for teams. Training and Development, 46(9), 65-68.
27.Jewell, L. N., & Reitz, H. J. (1981). Group effectiveness in organizations. Scott Foresman Glenview.
28.Kahn, R. L., & Antonucci, T. C. (1980). Convoys over the life course: Attach-ment, roles, and social support. Life-Span Development and Behavior, 3, 253-286.
29.Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2001). The strategy-focused organization: How balanced scorecard companies thrive in the new business environment. Harvard Business School Press.
30.Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The social psychology of organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons
31.Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. (1993). The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. McKinsey and Company.
32.Kidwell, R. E., Mossholder, K. W., & Bennett, N. (1997). Cohesiveness and or-ganizational citizenship behavior: A multilevel analysis using work groups and individuals. Journal of Management, 23(6), 775.
33.Kiffin-Petersen, S. (2004). Trust: A neglected variable in team effectiveness re-search. Journal of Management & Organization, 10(1), 38-53.
34.Kloppenborg, T. J., & Petrick, J. A. (1999). From my experience: Leadership in project life cycle and team character development. Project Management Journal, 30, 8-13.
35.Lantz, A., & Laflamme, L. (1996). Leadership, social support and work influence: A study of the group form of working in a swedish psychiatric hospital. Relations Industrielles, 51(4), 693-725.
36.Lewis, J. P. (1993). How to build and manage a winning project team. Amacom.
37.Maisel, L. S. (1992). Performance measurement: The balanced scorecard ap-proach. Journal of Cost Management, 6(2), 47-52.
38.McGrath, J. E. (1964). Social psychology: A brief introduction. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
39.Niehoff, B. P. (2005). A theoretical model of the influence of organizational ci-tizenship behaviors on organizational effectiveness. New Research in Organiza-tional Citizenship Behaviors, Nova, New York, 385-397.
40.Nieva, V. F., Fleishman, E. A., & Rieck, A. (1985). Team dimensions: Their identity, their measurement and their relationships. Storming Media.
41.Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Free Press.
42.Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analttic review of attitudinal and dis-positional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775-802.
43.Parker, G. M. (1990). Team players and teamwork: The new competitive business strategy. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
44.Pearce, C. L., & Sims Jr, H. P. (2002). Vertical versus shared leadership as pre-dictors of the effectiveness of change management teams: An examination of aversive, directive, transactional, transformational, and empowering leader beha-viors. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(2), 172-197.
45.Perrow, C. (1967). A framework for the comparative analysis of organizations. American Sociological Review, 194-208.
46.Pinto, J. K., & Slevin, D. P. (1987). Critical factors in successful project imple-mentation. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 34(1), 22-27.
47.Poole, M. S., Seibold, D. R., & McPhee, R. D. (1985). Group decision-making as a structurational process. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 71(1), 74-102.
48.Quick, T. L. (1992). Successful team building. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.
49.Salas, E., Dickinson, T. L., Converse, S. A., & Tannenbaum, S. I. (1992). Toward an understanding of team performance and training. Teams: Their Training and Performance, 3(29), 87-016.
50.Schnake, M., Dumler, M. P., & Cochran, D. S. (1993). The relationship between‘traditional’leadership,‘super’leadership, and organizational citizenship behavior. Group & Organization Management, 18(3), 352.
51.Schnake, M. E. (1983). An empirical assessment of the effects of affective re-sponse in the measurement of organizational climate. Personnel Psychology, 36(4), 791-804.
52.Shiflett, S. C. (1972). Group performance as a function of task difficulty and or-ganizational interdependence. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 7, 442-456.
53.Shneiderman, B. (1980). Software psychology. Winthrop Publishers Cambridge, Mass.
54.Shonk, J. H. (1982). Working in teams: A practical manual for improving work groups. James H. Shonk & Associates.
55.Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship be-havior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653-663.
56.Song, X. M., Montoya-Weiss, M. M., & Schmidt, J. B. (1997). Antecedents and consequences of cross-functional cooperation: A comparison of R&D, manufac-turing, and marketing perspectives. An International Publication of the Product Development & Management Association, 14(1), 35-47.
57.Tjosvold, D. (1988). Cooperative and competitive interdependence: Collabora-tion between departments to serve customers. Group & Organization Manage-ment, 13(3), 274.
58.Van de Ven, A. H., & Delbecq, A. L. (1974). A task contingent model of work-unit structure. Administrative Science Quarterly, 183-197.
59.Van de Ven, A. H., Delbecq, A. L., & Koenig Jr, R. (1976). Determinants of coordination modes within organizations. American Sociological Review, 322-338.
60.Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. (1998). Organizational citizenship behavior of contin-gent workers in singapore. Academy of Management Journal, 692-703.
61.Van Dyne, L., Graham, J. W., & Dienesch, R. M. (1994). Organizational citi-zenship behavior: Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 765-802.
62.Vroom, V. H. (2000). Leadership and the decision-making process. Organiza-tional Dynamics, 28(4), 82-94.
63.Walz, S. M., & Niehoff, B. P. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: Their relationship to organizational effectiveness. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 24(3), 301.
64.Weber, M. (1946). Bureaucracy, from Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. In J.M.Shafritz & J. S. Ott, Classics of Organization Theory, 80-85, 1996.Harcourt Brace Co.
65.Wellins, R. S., Byham, W. C., & Dixon, G. R. (1994). Inside teams: How 20 world-class organizations are winning through teamwork. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, Calif.
66.Yen, H. R., Li, E. Y., & Niehoff, B. P. (2008). Do organizational citizenship be-haviors lead to information system success? testing the mediation effects of inte-gration climate and project management. Information & Management, 45(6), 394-402.
67.Yen, H. R., & Niehoff, B. P. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational effectiveness: Examining relationships in taiwanese banks. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(8), 1617-1637.