營造業高職安風險的產業，在過去5年的職災受傷千人率以及職災死亡千人率與其他產業相比都位居第一，會有如此高的職災率主要與營造業之高度職業分權化及人員流動快速等特性影響。
國內營造業發包制度使用專業分包為一種常態，一旦工程規模擴大，專業分包商數量也會與之俱增，垂直向的大量分包會使得下游包商管理不易，再加上營造業的高危險性就容易造成勞安問題，但是有些專家認為大量分包會對勞安造成影響，有些專家則沒有明確指出是否會造成影響，且又鮮少有文獻去探討層層分包下的勞安問題，故本研究目的為使用安全氣候分析方法探討分包層級與營造業勞工安全之關聯。安全氣候與安全績效有著顯著的正向關係，提升安全氣候可以改善員工的不安全行為，且能培養出員工良好的安全認知。本研究以安全氣候問卷調查方式，調查台灣北部現場工地內，總承攬商、分包商與再分包商三個層級之安全氣候。本研究結果證明分包層級與勞工安全彼此之間有關聯，而此關聯性反應在勞安人員督導程度與員工對安全認知程度兩構面之上。最後，根據安全氣候問卷的統計分析結果，本研究提出不同分包層級下的安全管理建議。

The construction industry is an industry with high occupational hazards. In the past five years, the occupational injury rates and mortality rates per thousand people of the construction industry are both ranked first as compared with the other industries. Such high rates result from two industry characteristics: high decentralization of contractor’s functions and rapid mobility of construction workers.
Using specialized subcontractors is common in the construction subcontracting system in Taiwan. When the size of a project becomes larger, the number of specialized subcontractors increases accordingly. If more vertical subcontractors (i.e., a contractor having its own subcontractors that further have their subcontractors, iteratively) exist in a project subcontracting hierarchy, managing these subcontractors becomes difficult and challenging and therefore, according to construction practitioners, the project has higher chance to go through construction safety problems on sites. However, some domain experts do not outspeak such a practical phenomenon and current literatures rarely discuss construction safety issues from the viewpoint of subcontracting system. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze and explore the connection between construction safety and subcontracting levels with safety climate analysis technique. Safety climate and safety performance have significantly positive correlation; Promoting safety climate can improve unsafe behavior of construction employees and help employees develop sound safety awareness. In this research, a safety climate questionnaire is designed to survey the safety climate for main contractors, subcontractors, and sub-subcontractors from construction sites in northern Taiwan and the collected safety climate questionnaires are statistically analyzed. The analysis result shows that construction safety is related to subcontracting levels in the perspectives of safety staff’s supervising strength and employees’ safety awareness. Finally, recommendations for construction safety management under different subcontracting levels are given according to the analysis result.

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