本論文係從光害的角度切入，探討如何讓光可以有效地集中、侷限並均勻地照射到使用者所需要之目標區域內，以減少能量之損失、降低眩光之影響以及抑制光害之生成，並且以此議題為出發點，開發出一款具有高達89% 之高穿透率以及光塑形效果的高性能表面結構擴散片，其係以玻璃燒結式反覆縮模法搭配大面積翻印技術製作而得。並以此表面結構擴散片做為核心元件，發展出兩款嶄新的高性能照明燈具，包括一高性能LED路燈設計以及一智慧型照明燈具。在高性能LED路燈設計方面，我們針對Central type、Zigzag type以及Single-sided type三種路燈排列方式，依據此路燈設計概念，開發出三款高性能路燈照明模組，在燈桿高度為10 m的情況下，Central type、Zigzag type以及Single-sided type之光學效率分別為87.8%、87.8% 以及87.2%；中心照度分別為20 lux、17.5 lux 和17.9 lux；平均照度分別為19.2 lux、17.2lux和16.2 lux；均勻度則分別為0.877、0.633以及0.806。若以一30 m × 14 m的照射區域面積為目標區域，Central type、Zigzag type以及Single-sided type三種路燈排列方式所獲得之光學利用率分別可高達81%、78.8%以及73.6%。
在智慧型照明燈具方面，我們以表面結構擴散片的性能為基礎，利用填充液體以達成表面補償效果之方式，提出一款兼具有快速光形調制效果以及多種操作模態的智慧照明燈具，並且成功地以實驗驗證方式證實其可行性。在沒有犧牲光學效率的情況下，光形在折射率為1.33至1.5的範圍內可獲得一連續性的變化。
除了兩款高性能照明燈具外，本論文更以表面結構擴散片特性為基礎，將一具有與表面結構擴散片相同性能的結構散射片應用於全像光學儲存研究中，探討其對位移靈敏度以及能源效率之影響。不同於毛玻璃，該結構擴散片能藉由其高達90% 的穿透率以及出光角度控制能力，將90% 的能量皆侷限在一特定範圍內，對於能源效率的提升實具助益。當晶體厚度為1 cm、結構散射片被照射區域的直徑為2 cm及晶體中心位置距離結構散射片出光面為5 cm的情況下，水平位移靈敏度與垂直位移靈敏度皆可獲得小於2 μm 的位移靈敏度，將有助於儲存密度的提升，進而增加達到理想上儲存容量的可能性。此外，該結構散射片能夠經由設計以及複製取得，避免遺失導致資料無法取回之窘境，對於全像儲存以及全像資訊保密方面之研究將會有所助益。

Aimed for reduction of light pollution and energy saving, this thesis focused on how to keep light effectively concentrated, limited, and uniform illuminated at a target region. By the motive, we proposed a novel way with high temperature down-size sintering technology and large-area impressing technology to perform a surface-structured diffuser with high transmission efficiency of 89%, obvious beam shaping effect, controllable divergence angle, and specific light pattern of uniform intensity distribution.
Based on surface-structured diffuser, we proposed a novel concept of lighting module of street light, which was composed of LED array, TIR lens array, high performance SSD, and high reflectance reflecting cavity. We assessed the luminaire performance by Monte Carlo ray-tracing for the main types of street pole arrangements, which were Central type, Zigzag type, and Single-side type. In the cases of Central type, Zigzag type, and Single-side type, the optical efficiency of lighting module were respectively 87.8%, 87.8%, and 87.2%. For the condition of a mounting height of 10 m in the cases of Central type, Zigzag type, and Single-side type, they had the central illuminance of 20 lux, 17.5 lux, and 17.9 lux, respectively; the average illuminance of 19.2 lux, 17.2 lux, and 16.2 lux, respectively; the uniformity of 0.877, 0.633, and 0.806, respectively. When the area of illuminated region was 30 m × 14 m, the optical utilization factor in Central type, Zigzag type, and Single-side type were 81%, 78.8%, and 73.6%, respectively.
Expect for high performance LED lighting module of street light, we also proposed a novel concept for an optical-adjustable luminaire with LED SSL and an SSD with surface compensation by liquid. The index matching function is useful to adjust the surface structure of the SSD so that the light pattern is adjustable to enable the luminaire more flexible. According to simulation results, light pattern is able to have continuous variation with refractive index of 1.33 to 1.5, without sacrifice of the optical efficiency.
Besides, we proposed a new way with use of a phase plate with micro-lens array to increase the shifting selectivity of hologram and to achieve higher energy efficiency. The phase plate with micro-lens array was used as a beam modulator owns inherent advantage of improving energy efficiency. Compared with a general ground glass, the simulation showed that the surface undulated structure on the SSD could perform a nearly ideal random phase distribution and the corresponding experimental results of shifting selectivity shows that the larger shifting selectivity could be observed with the SSD rather than a ground glass. The best shifting selectivity in our experimental result was less than 2 μm in both horizontal and vertical directions under the circumstance that the crystal thickness was 1 cm, the diameter of illumination area of the SSD was 2 cm, and the distance between the crystal and the SSD was 5 cm. Higher shifting selectivity will be useful to perform the theoretical capacity of holographic optical storage with random phase encoding. Different from traditional ground glass, the SSD can be well designed and duplicated in mass production process. It would be effective in holographic storage as well as in holographic data encryption.

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