本研究採用台灣經濟新報(Taiwan Economy Journal)2016年第一季至2023年第四季台灣共13家銀行資料，談討銀行資本結構、營運決策與股權及公司治理指標對銀行破產風險之關聯。利用Z-Score、放款佔資產比率與逾期放款比率作為衡量銀行風險之相關應變數。解釋變數部分，資本結構以資本規模、資本適足率、第一類資本比率與備抵呆帳覆蓋率為相關解釋變數；營運決策以放款存款比率、中小企業放款比率與利息收入佔比作為相關解釋變數；股權及公司治理層面則以政府持股虛擬變數、銀行管理階層人事異動與董事會性別多樣性指標作為相關解釋變數。以OLS迴歸模型估計各解釋變數對銀行風險之影響，再加入解釋變數與COVID虛擬變數之交乘項，分析各解釋變數在疫情期間所帶來之影響。
實證結果顯示，BASEL III協議所重視之銀行資本結構對銀行在疫情期間之風險具有顯著影響，改善資本結構能夠降低銀行破產風險，同時只要搭配嚴格的審核機制，放款未必會顯著增加銀行風險。股權方面政府持股銀行相較其他銀行有著更低的破產風險，而目前國際逐漸重視之董事會性別多元對台灣銀行財務風險似尚無明顯之影響。

This study utilizes data from 13 Taiwanese banks, collected from the first quarter of 2016 to the fourth quarter of 2023 by the Taiwan Economy Journal, to examine the relationship between bank capital structure, operational decisions, equity, corporate governance indicators, and bankruptcy risk. The Z-Score, loan-to-asset ratio, and non-performing loan ratio are employed as dependent variables to measure bank risk.

For the independent variables, capital structure is represented by capital scale, capital adequacy ratio, Tier 1 capital ratio, and loan loss reserve coverage ratio. Operational decisions are measured by the loan-to-deposit ratio, SME loan ratio, and the proportion of interest income. Equity and corporate governance are represented by a dummy variable for government ownership, management turnover, and board gender diversity index.

An OLS regression model is used to estimate the impact of these variables on bank risk. Additionally, interaction terms between the independent variables and a COVID dummy variable are included to analyze the effects during the pandemic.

Empirical results indicate that the capital structure emphasized by the Basel III Accord significantly impacts bank risk during the pandemic. Improving capital structure can reduce bankruptcy risk, and, with stringent auditing mechanisms, increased lending does not necessarily elevate bank risk. Government-owned banks exhibit lower bankruptcy risk compared to other banks. However, the increasingly emphasized board gender diversity in international discourse does not show a significant effect in the Taiwanese banking sector.

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