電子長號－促進孩童音樂學習及表演創作之人機介面

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研究生：	李玟儀 Wen-Yi Lee
論文名稱：	電子長號－促進孩童音樂學習及表演創作之人機介面 Electronic Trombone－An Interactive Tool to　Promote Musical Learning and Performance Creativity for Children
指導教授：	蘇木春 Mu-Chun Su
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 資訊工程學系 Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	103
中文關鍵詞：	人機介面、音樂學習、電子長號
外文關鍵詞：	music learning, human-computer interface, electronic trombone
相關次數：	點閱：12 下載：0
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研究指出，孩童若越早接觸音樂，能夠幫助孩童提升其語言發展、增強創新能力，並且改善身體的協調性。因此，現在市面上有許多的電子音樂玩具如玩具吉他、玩具鼓、玩具鋼琴等。這些電子音樂玩具能夠讓孩童對樂器有初步的認識，也讓孩童在娛樂中引發對音樂的好奇心。
隨著現代電子科技與軟體的進步，電子音樂玩具的功能也應該被改善。本論文提出為孩童設計之電子長號音樂玩具，讓孩童能夠體驗吹奏長號的樂趣，甚至是像專業長號演奏家一樣演奏樂曲。我們延伸長號原有的特色，並加入導引與娛樂的元素，利用微處理器作為運算的核心，連結紅外線感測模組、麥克風等感測器來模擬長號的演奏方式，透過藍芽與電腦連線之後，使用 MIDI 協定讓電腦應用程式來發出聲響，應用程式並提供三種不同的遊戲模式：教導模式 (tutorial mode) 、吹奏模式 (play mode) 及娛樂模式(performance entertainment mode) 來操作電子長號。電子長號的設計期望實現下列目標：一、提供孩童有一個簡單且有趣的方式來學習操作長號般的樂器；二、創造出適合孩童學習的低門檻長號樂器；三、孩童操作電子長號時，能有像在真實操作長號時的體感互動。最後，本實驗將針對系統效能驗證及使用經驗進行相關探討與提供改進的方法。

Early exposure to music can help children promote their language development, enhance their creative ability, and improve their physical coordination capability. Therefore, a lot of musical toys (e.g., toy guitars, toy drums and percussion, toy keyboards and pianos, toy wind instruments, toy band sets) which can provide a good introduction to musical instruments and give children hours of entertainment are commercially available on the market.
With modern electronics and software, the functionalities of music instrument toys can be improved. In this paper, we present an electronic trombone-like toy for children who try to experience playing a trombone or pretend to play a trombone at the professional level as a truly professional trombonist does. We tried to extend the traditional trombone by providing tutorial and entertaining elements via the use of IR sensors, a wireless transmission
module, a microprocessor, a microphone and a computing device (e.g., PC) with a MIDI software application which provide three playing modes: tutorial mode、play mode and performance entertainment mode. The design of the electronic
trombone aimed to achieve several goals. First of all, we wanted to provide an easy and entertaining approach to learning to play a trombone-like instrument.
Secondly, we tried to make the entry level of playing a trombone for children as low as possible. Thirdly, we hope to preserve as much of the physical interactions needed for playing an actual trombone as possible while one plays the electronic trombone. Experiments were designed to evaluate the proposed electronic trombone.

中文摘要 ................................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... ii
誌 謝 ............................................................................................................... iv
目 錄 ................................................................................................................ v
圖目錄List of Figures ........................................................................................ viii
表目錄List of Tables ............................................................................................ xi
第一章、緒論 ........................................................................................................ 1
1-1 研究動機 ................................................................................................. 1
1-2 研究目的 ................................................................................................. 2
1-3 論文架構 ................................................................................................. 3
第二章、相關研究 ................................................................................................ 4
2-1 長號簡介 ................................................................................................. 4
2-2 音樂教育與科技 ..................................................................................... 5
2-3 電子音樂遊戲相關文獻回顧 ................................................................. 6
2-3-1 玩具電子樂器 .............................................................................. 7
2-3-2 音樂人機互動介面 .................................................................... 10
2-3-3 手機音樂遊戲 ............................................................................ 13
2-4 數位樂器介面 (MIDI) .......................................................................... 16
2-4-1 MIDI 名詞簡介 ........................................................................... 16
2-4-2 MIDI 檔案資料格式與事件介紹 .............................................. 17
2-5 人機介面設計與評估 ........................................................................... 19
第三章、電子長號硬體設計 .............................................................................. 22
3-1 硬體模組架構 ....................................................................................... 22
3-1-1 微處理器AVR ATmega16A ...................................................... 23
3-1-2 藍芽無線傳輸模組 .................................................................... 26
3-1-3 紅外線距離感測模組 ................................................................ 27
3-1-4 吹氣感測模組 ............................................................................ 29
3-1-5 濾波模組 .................................................................................... 30
3-1-6 電源供應模組 ............................................................................ 34
3-1-7 移調按鈕 .................................................................................... 36
3-1-8 LED 導引模組............................................................................. 36
3-2 電路板與外觀設計 ............................................................................... 37
3-2-1 電路外觀 .................................................................................... 37
3-2-2 電子長號外觀設計 .................................................................... 38
第四章、電子長號軟體設計 .............................................................................. 40
4-1 ATmega16A 藍芽無線傳輸模組封包格式 ........................................... 41
4-2 PC 端軟體設計 ...................................................................................... 42
4-2-1 系統環境 .................................................................................... 42
4-2-2 軟體使用者介面與操作流程 .................................................... 43
4-2-3 麥克風訊號校正 ........................................................................ 45
4-2-4 訊號前處理 ................................................................................ 46
4-3 使用者模式選擇 ................................................................................... 51
4-3-1 教導模式 (Tutorial Mode)......................................................... 51
4-3-2 吹奏模式 (Play Mode) .............................................................. 53
4-3-3 娛樂模式 (Performance Entertainment Mode) ......................... 55
第五章、實驗設計與結果 .................................................................................. 57
5-1 實驗設計與方法 ................................................................................... 59
5-1-1 實驗內容與流程 ........................................................................ 59
5-1-2 錄音結果分析方法 .................................................................... 60
5-1-3 問卷設計 .................................................................................... 60
5-2 實驗結果 ............................................................................................... 61
5-2-1 吹氣實驗結果 ............................................................................ 61
5-2-2 問卷分析 .................................................................................... 62
5-2-3 教導模式錄音實驗結果 ............................................................ 67
5-2-4 其他吹奏模式實驗結果 ............................................................ 70
5-3 孩童實際操作 ....................................................................................... 70
第六章、結論與未來展望 .................................................................................. 74
6-1 結論 ....................................................................................................... 74
6-2 未來展望 ............................................................................................... 75
參考文獻 .............................................................................................................. 76
附錄一、電子長號硬體電路圖 .......................................................................... 83
附錄二、實驗問卷 .............................................................................................. 84
附錄三、成人問卷調查結果 .............................................................................. 87

                                

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