科學園區的設立為多數國家發展高科技產業的重要政策，台灣在1980年代成立新竹科學工業園區，成功引領台灣從勞力密集轉化為資本密集產業，並在參照矽谷的模式之下，透過與工研院與大學研究之間的產學合作，吸引多數高科技公司前往設廠，形成竹科高科技聚落，推動台灣的創新發展。根據Yang, Motohashi, and Chen(2009)針對新竹科學工業園區內外高科技廠商，比較兩者在研發生產力上的差距，結論證實園區內廠商具有較佳的研發生產力。

別於以往文獻，本研究欲探討竹科電子業廠商地理集中的現象，同時考量空間外溢效果與比較園區內外廠商在研發生產力上的差距，資料主要為台灣經濟新報中2007-2012年園區內外上市櫃電子業廠商，以及廠商設廠位置的經緯度資料，由於科學工業園區政策管理條例的相關規定，使得園區內廠商為預先篩選為較具研發傾向的廠商，因此本研究利用Heckman selection model解決樣本選取問題，並利用固定效果分析研究發展與外溢效果對生產力的影響。

本研究結論顯示，園區內廠商有較高的研發產出彈性，且對電子業廠商而言，勞動對生產力有顯著影響，技術勞動力是電子業重要的投入要素。此外，從考量空間外溢效果下的完整模型可知，外溢效果不僅對生產有正向影響，也有助於園區內廠商在研發生產力上的提升，顯示園區內廠商由於空間鄰近性的因素，具有較佳的外溢吸收能力，並透過聚集效果與學術機構之間的連結，在生產力上相對較園區外廠商具有潛在的優勢。

The establishment of science parks is a vital strategy policy for developing high-tech industries in many countries. Hsinchu Science Industrial Park(HSIP) established in 1980, successfully leading the transformation of Taiwan industrial structure from labor-intensive to capital intensive industries, and under reference to the Silicon Valley model, through the cooperation with ITRI and university research, it attracts lots of electronics firms to set up factories around HSIP, forming the high-tech industrial cluster.

Different from the previous literature, the purpose of this paper is to analysis the phenomenon of firms geographic concentration, and compare the productivity of electronics firms located within and outside the HSIP in Taiwan. The data was drawn from the data bank of Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) for the period from 2007 to 2012, as well as the firm latitude and longitude data of firms location . Additionally, the administrators of park require that firms located in the park must invest sufficiently in R&D expenditure Therefore, sampling bias must be taken into consideration in order to avoid selection bias. This study use Heckman selection model to control the selection bias, and use fixed effect model to analysis the impact of R&D and spatial spillover effect on firms productivity.

The empirical findings show that the elasticity of R&D with respect to outputs of electronics on-park firms is significantly higher than off-park firms. The full model under consideration spatial spillover effects shows that the spillover effect not only has a positive impact on productivity, but also enhance the R&D of on-park firms. Therefore, on-park firms are expected to show better performance because of the geographical proximity, it’s also indicate a slight advantage in R&D for on-park firms, arising from the fact that the science park offers a clustering effect and establishes links among firms and research institutions.

中文部分
王嘉齡. 2009. "聚集, 績效與門檻—台灣製造業之實證研究; Agglomeration, Performance, and Threshold Model: An Empirical Study of Taiwan Manufacturing Industries."，中央大學產業經濟研究所，博士論文。
詹立宇. 2005. "台灣製造業聚集之研究; the Research of Industry Agglomeration in Taiwan's Manufacturing Sector."，中央大學產業經濟研究所，博士論文。
紀玉臨 and 賴進貴. 2010. "區域經濟收斂與空間外溢效應臺灣, 1991-2001." 地理學報, (58), 1-23.
楊志海 and 陳忠榮. 2001. "創新活動的投入、產出與效率—科學園區內外高科技廠商的比較"臺大管理論叢,11(2),129~153
楊志海 and 陳忠榮. 2001. "研究發展, 技術引進與專利-一般動差法於可數追蹤資料的應用." 經濟論文叢刊, 29(1), 69-87.
楊志海 and 陳忠榮. 2002. "研究發展, 專利與生產力-台灣製造業的實證研究." 經濟論文叢刊, 30(1), 27-48.

英文部分
Anselin, Luc; Attila Varga and Zoltan Acs. 1997. "Local Geographic Spillovers between University Research and High Technology Innovations." Journal of urban economics, 42(3), 422-48.
Audretsch, David B. 2003. "Innovation and Spatial Externalities." International Regional Science Review, 26(2), 167-74.
Audretsch, David B and Maryann P Feldman. 1996. "R&D Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation and Production." The American Economic Review, 630-40.
Baptista, Rui and Peter Swann. 1998. "Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More?" Research Policy, 27(5), 525-40.
Bernstein, Jeffrey I. 1988. "Costs of Production, Intra-and Interindustry R&D Spillovers: Canadian Evidence." Canadian Journal of Economics, 324-47.
Bernstein, Jeffrey I. 1989. "The Structure of Canadian Inter-Industry R & D Spillovers, and the Rates of Return to R & D." The Journal of Industrial Economics, 315-28.
Bottazzi, Laura and Giovanni Peri. 2003. "Innovation and Spillovers in Regions: Evidence from European Patent Data." European Economic Review, 47(4), 687-710.
Chyi, Yih-Luan; Yee-Man Lai and Wen-Hsien Liu. 2012. "Knowledge Spillovers and Firm Performance in the High-Technology Industrial Cluster." Research Policy, 41(3), 556-64.
Felsenstein, Daniel. 1994. "University-Related Science Parks—‘Seedbeds’ or ‘Enclaves’ of Innovation?" Technovation, 14(2), 93-110.
Ferguson, Richard and Christer Olofsson. 2004. "Science Parks and the Development of Ntbfs—Location, Survival and Growth." The journal of technology transfer, 29(1), 5-17.
Griliches, Zvi. 1979. "Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth." Bell Journal of economics, 10(1), 92-116.
Grossman, Gene M and Elhanan Helpman. 1991. "Trade, Knowledge Spillovers, and Growth." European Economic Review, 35(2), 517-26.
Henderson, Rebecca; Adam B Jaffe and Manuel Trajtenberg. 1998. "Universities as a Source of Commercial Technology: A Detailed Analysis of University Patenting, 1965–1988." Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(1), 119-27.
Jaffe, Adam B. 1989. "Real Effects of Academic Research." The American Economic Review, 957-70.
Jaffe, Adam B. 1986. "Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R&D: Evidence from Firms' Patents, Profits, and Market Value." American Economic Review, Vol. 76, pp. 984-1001.
Löfsten, Hans and Peter Lindelöf. 2001. "Science Parks in Sweden–Industrial Renewal and Development?" R&D Management, 31(3), 309-22.
Löfsten, Hans and Peter Lindelöf. 2002. "Science Parks and the Growth of New Technology-Based Firms—Academic-Industry Links, Innovation and Markets." Research Policy, 31(6), 859-76.
Löfsten, Hans and Peter Lindelöf. 2002. "Growth, Management and Financing of New Technology-Based Firms—Assessing Value-Added Contributions of Firms Located on and Off Science Parks." Omega, 30(3), 143-54.
Löfsten, Hans and Peter Lindelöf. 2003. "Science Park Location and New Technology-Based Firms in Sweden–Implications for Strategy and Performance." Small Business Economics, 20(3), 245-58.
Leung, Chi Kin and Chung Tong Wu. 1995. "Innovation Environment, R & D Linkages and Technology Development in Hong Kong." Regional Studies, 29(6), 533-46.
Lu, Wen-Cheng; Jong-Rong Chen and Chia-Ling Wang. 2006. "Granger Causality Test on R&D Spatial Spillovers and Productivity Growth." Applied Economics Letters, 13(13), 857-61.
Saxenian, AnnaLee. 1996. Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press.
Siegel, Donald S; Paul Westhead and Mike Wright. 2003. "Science Parks and the Performance of New Technology-Based Firms: A Review of Recent Uk Evidence and an Agenda for Future Research." Small Business Economics, 20(2), 177-84.
Spence, Michael. 1984. "Cost Reduction, Competition, and Industry Performance." Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 101-21.
Storey, DJ and P Westhead. 1994. "An Assessment of Firms Located on and Off Science Parks in the United Kingdom." University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship.
Tsai, Diana HA and Marc Lin. 2005. "Industrial and Spatial Spillovers and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Taiwan High-Technology Plant Level Data." Journal of Productivity Analysis, 23(1), 109-29.
Westhead, Paul. 1997. "R&D ‘Inputs’ and ‘Outputs’ of Technology‐Based Firms Located on and Off Science Parks." R&D Management, 27(1), 45-62.
Westhead, Paul and Stephen Batstone. 1998. "Independent Technology-Based Firms: The Perceived Benefits of a Science Park Location." Urban Studies, 35(12), 2197-219.
Yang, Chih-Hai; Kazuyuki Motohashi and Jong-Rong Chen. 2009. "Are New Technology-Based Firms Located on Science Parks Really More Innovative?: Evidence from Taiwan." Research Policy, 38(1), 77-85.