摘 要
事業廢液是生產過程的副產品，而溶劑之製造及使用更是我國工業重要之一環，但伴隨而來的廢液回收及處理亦為環保上之重要課題。國內所產生的廢液，目前係由事業單位自設之回收設備回收再利用，亦有部份廢溶劑、廢油及廢液經由小型固體廢棄物焚化爐或廢液焚化爐焚化處理，有些無害性之廢液則導入廢水處理廠處理，較難處理之廢液或廠內無處理設施之事業單位則委託代清理機構清除處理。然而非法排放或未依規定申報者，亦存在一定的數量，依據環保署管制中心保守的推估一年之廢液至少約有30萬公噸，是個相當驚人的數據。
由於廢液成分、種類過於複雜，以致於未有較有效的處理方式，導致處理、回收成本增加，目前國內合格之液體廢棄物代處理業，處理廢液的方法大致為蒸餾法、熱裂解法、物化處理法、替代燃料法及焚化法等。廢液處理廠經營成功的關鍵在於廢液處理、管理的經驗及態度上。因此，本研究針對國內廢溶劑之產出來源、種類、數量及其危害與處理作一現況分析；再依據廢溶劑之物理、化學特性，進行減量或回收再利用技術資料之收集、整理、分析，並提出廢液進廠管制及採樣分析檢驗之最佳管理方案與廢液操作管理和處理最佳化技術，以作為物化處理廠處理廢液之重要參考依據。本研究獲致如下數點結論：
1.國內相關單位各項統計資料顯示有害廢液產生量介於24~65萬公噸/年，另推估國內廢溶劑總處理量約為600,000公噸/年，但國內有害廢液的真正產生量仍有待相關單位加以統合彙整。
2.依經濟部工業局工業廢棄物共同清除處理計畫網頁資料，廢溶劑推估產量最多者分別為化學材料製造業350,000噸/年、電子零組件製造業125,000噸/年及其他工業製品製造業60,000噸/年。
3.根據環保署推估資料顯示廢液產生量仍高於目前的處理量,若各事業單位均能將有害廢液委由合格處理機構代為處理,且環保署能充分掌握並監督各單位(含國防及各學術機構)廢液之申報處理狀況,則國內有害廢液處理機構應有足夠的存活空間。
4.操作管理目的為建立一套標準的作業程序，就廢液處理由產生源運送、處理廠收受、貯存、處理廠動線、最終處置等流程分別訂定操作管理重點，其中最主要為相關查核表單與標準作業程序的建立。未來關係廢液處理營運成敗與否的關鍵為即時採樣與檢測技術的建立，另外廠區之動線與硬體設施的調整及貯存廠之安衛加強亦與績效是否彰顯息息相關。
5.不明廢液之處理方式：廢棄物樣品在經過實驗室的檢驗分析後，若發生收取之廢棄物之檢驗結果其內含成份與合約訂定者不相同之特殊情形時，應立即通知客戶，並保留所取樣的樣本待客戶自行檢驗確認，若客戶仍要委託處理，其處理價格仍以廢棄物的實際內容物來決定。本研究建議不收受無法分析不明廢液，一方面對廢液性質不了解一併處理會有不相容問題產生，另一方面會有危險性反應的產生。

Abstract
The industrial liquid waste is a by-product derived from the production process wastage. The production and application of a variety of solvent is vital to our industrial development and the recycling and treatment of the derived waste liquid is an important topic in the environmental protection. The liquid waste generated in Taiwan part of it is recycled and reused by the industry factory itself, part of waste solvent, spent oil and waste liquid are treated by the solid waste incinerator or liquid waste incinerator, some of non-hazardous is drained to waste water treatment plant. However waste liquid or the factory in the more difficult processing non- processes of institution the facility to entrust generation of cleaning up organization elimination processing. Unfortunately, there still exists a large amount of liquid waste which is illegally drained or undeclared. For this amount, a conservative estimate made by EPA indicates that the annual total equals to 300,000 metric tons, a considerably surprising quantity.
Due to the fact the liquid waste is complicated in various descriptions, effective disposal is few and the treatment cost is high. The disposal ways currently adopted by the most qualified disposal organizations are the method of Evaporation, Hydrocrack, Physical-Chemistry treatment, Substitution fuel and Incineration. The success to dispose of the liquid waste lies on experience and behavior in treatment and management. This study begins with the status analysis of the liquid waste for their generation sources, category, quantity, hazard and the related treatment method, in which produced in Taiwan. Then recommend the optimal process of reduction, recycling and reuse technique to serve as the important reference in handling liquid waste. Based on the chemical and physical characteristics and by means of collection sorting and analysis are investigated. This study reaches the following conclusions.
1. The hazardous liquid waste, as calculated by the relative authorities amounted 240,000 – 650,000 metric tons per year. Another estimate of liquid waste totally disposed of is 600,000 metric ton annually. The accuracy requires further checking by the relative authorities.
2. Per the industrial waste disposal program shown on the web site of the Industrial bureau, MOFE, the estimated liquid waste, 350,000 metric tons annually coming from the chemical industry, 125,000 metric tons annual from the electronic industry and 60,000 metric tons annual from other industries.
3. The EPA’s estimate indicates that the liquid waste amount annually produced is much higher than that annual disposed of. If all liquid waste generated is contracted for disposal to the qualified disposal firms, then EPA is in the position to exert strict control over the declaration of liquid waste (including produced in MND and academics agency), there leaves much room for maneuver for the hazardous liquid waste disposal firms.
4. The main goal of the operation control is to set up a set of workable SOP to cover liquid waste’s generation, transportation, receiving, storing, traffic route and final disposal in the disposal site. The most important is to organize the checking list flow and standard operation procedures. The future success of liquid waste depend in large on sample taking and test technique. In addition, the traffic route, hardware and enforcement of storage guard are critical to the performance and efficiency in the disposal site.
5. Treatment of unknown liquid waste: In case that the sample test in lab finds the sample composition of the liquid waste received at the disposal site in found differing from the contracted specification, the customer shall be immediately notified and the sample test shall be kept in custody. If the custom requests the disposal site to treat such liquid waste, the disposal charge shall be renegotiated in accordance with the content of the liquid waste. It is strongly recommended that the disposal site shall have the right to refuse acceptance of unknown liquid waste for the sake that incompatibility of liquid waste would likely bring disaster to the disposal site.

參考文獻
1.N. P. Cheremisinoff, “Handbook of Pollution and Hazardous Materials Compliance”, MarcelDekker Publishers, New York (1996).
2.J. W. Zubrick, “The Organic Chem Lab Survival Manual”, John Wiley & Son Publishers (2004).
3.A. C. Knipe, and W. E. Watts, “Organic reaction Mechanisms” John Wiley & Son Publishers (2000).
4.F. Brescia, L. Arents, H. Meislich, A. Turk, E. Weiner, “Fundamentals of Chemistry Laboratory Studies”, 3rd Ed.,歐亞書局(1980).
5.Jerry F.,“Reusing Waste Materials”, World Cement Journal, pp.122-127 (2000).
6.US EPA, “Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Centralized Waste Treatment Industry”, Report: EPA 821-R-98-018 (1998).
7.US EPA, “Full Cost Accounting for Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Handbook”, Report: EPA 530-R-95-041 (1997).
8.John H. Gibbons, “Technologies and Management Strategies for Hazardous Waste Control”, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 83-600706, Report: PB83-189241 (1983).
9.Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, “Treatment of hazardous waste by generators guidance document”, Report: (303) (2000).
10.US EPA, “Waste Analysis At Facilities That Generate, Treat, Store, And Dispose Of Hazardous Wastes A Guidance Manual”, Report: OSWER(1994).
11.Tsivilis, S., and G. Kakali, “A Study on the Grindability of Portland Cement Clinker Containing Transition Metal Oxides”, Cement and Concrete Research Vol. 27, No. 5, pp.673-678(1997).
12.Teoreanu, I., and G. Guslicov, “Mechanisms and effects of additives from the dihydroxy-compound class on Portland cement grinding”, Cement and Concrete Research, 29,pp.9-15(1999).
13.Hasegawa, M., and M. Kimata, “The effect of liquid additives on dry ultrafine grinding of quartz”, Powder Technology, 114, pp.145-151 (2001).
14.凱瑟工程顧問股份有限公司，“大發事業廢棄物處理廠操作營運計畫書”，榮民工程股份有限公司委託報告(2002)。
15.“大發特殊廢棄物處理廠物化處理單元操作經營計畫書”，榮民工程股份有限公司環保專業施工處南部施工所(2003)。
16.李俊福，“特殊廢液處理最佳化技術及操作管理研究期末報告”，國立中央大學環境工程研究所，榮民工程股份有限公司委託報告(2003)。
17.林冠宇，“廢有機溶劑簡易回收裝置”，塗料及塗裝技術雜誌創刊號，pp.6-10(1991)。
18.黃孝信，“產業界的噩夢-廢溶劑清理問題之探討”， 環保資訊月刊，第34期，pp.10-14 (2000)。
19.余騰耀，“氣態廢溶劑回收技術探討”， 環保資訊月刊，第34期，pp.15-20 (2000)。
20.翁文爐、鄭智和，“廢有機溶劑回收及純化技術 ”， 環保資訊月刊，第34期，pp.21-28 (2000)。
21.翁文爐，“廢有機溶劑回收之清潔生產－純化方法”，清潔生產資訊，第25期，pp.16-20(1999)。
22.蔡水興、吳美惠、翁志聖，“國內廢溶劑回收處理技術介紹”，第14屆廢棄物處理技術研討會，pp.1-12(1999)。
23.陳文卿、賴重光，“廢有機溶劑處理及回收技術探討”，環保月刊，第2期，pp.136-143 (2001)。
24.蔡永興，“國內廢溶劑回收處理及處置現況”，工程，pp.32-41(2001)。
25.陳政澤、陳文欽、賴重光，“廢溶劑回收處理技術與案例探討”，工業污染防治，No.80, pp.89-117(2001)。
26.黃耀輝，“有機廢液與其資源化考量”，工業污染防治，Vol.80，pp.118-138 (2001)。
27.劉思治，“液體廢棄物處理及管理技術”，工業污染防治， Vol.80，pp.139-153 (2001)。
28.周珊珊、廖啟鐘、彭淑惠，“重金屬廢液回收處理技術”，工業污染防治，Vol. 80，pp.166-186 (2001)。
29.張明倉、黃錦明、鄭宏德、翁志聖、楊萬發，“有害事業廢棄物儲存中心設置之規劃研究”，第十四屆廢棄物處理技術研討會論文，vol 14。
30.陳文欽，“事業廢棄物查核與輔導改善第二年”，環保署，EPA-91-H102-02-107 (1992)。
31.環保署網頁，事業廢棄物管制中心連線申報系統 (http://waste.epa.gov.tw/)
32.事業廢棄物再利用資訊網站 (http://www.epa.gov.tw/H/waste/reuse/)
33.經濟部網站資料 (http://www.moea.gov.tw)