| 研究生: |
孫本初 Sun Benchu |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
Callicott環境倫理研究 |
| 指導教授: | 李凱恩 |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
文學院 - 哲學研究所 Executive Master of Philosophy |
| 論文出版年: | 2016 |
| 畢業學年度: | 104 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 79 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | Callicott 、環境倫理 、主觀內在價值 、弱義人類中心主義 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Callicott, environmental ethics, subjective intrinsic value, weak anthropocentrism |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:11 下載:0 |
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本文旨在通過研究Callicott環境倫理之主觀內在價值理論,將其與客觀內在價值理論、弱義人類中心主義做批判研究,在這三種主要環境保護理論中尋找出較為有效、理論本身問題較少、較符合我們的道德直覺的環境倫理理論。
Callicott環境倫理之主要理論基礎有:Hume倫理觀點、Darwin演化論與生態學模型,在此三者基礎上,Callicott提出「主觀內在價值」的概念,並認為自然環境與非人類物種整體本身具有主觀內在價值,故而我們應該保護自然環境免遭人類行為之肆意破壞。Callicott環境倫理與客觀內在價值理論共同面臨非人存有之內在價值證成的困境,本文最終認為弱義人類中心主義是環境保護理論中較好的選擇。
This thesis aims to find the most effective environmental ethic with the fewest theoretical contradiction and most in line with our moral intuition among three main environmental protection theories by clarifying the subjective intrinsic value theory of Callicott’s environmental ethic and critically comparing it to objective intrinsic value theory and weak anthropocentrism.
Callicott’s environmental ethic is theoretically founded on David Hume’s ethical views, Darwin’s theory of evolution and ecology models. Callicott puts forward the concept of ‘intrinsic value’ which confirms the intrinsic value of the natural environment and non-human species themselves as a whole and therefore human beings should protect natural environment from wanton destruction. Callicott’s environmental ethic and objective intrinsic value theory both involve theoretical difficulties in admitting the intrinsic value of non-human beings. This thesis concluded that weak anthropocentrism is comparatively most reasonable and therefore the best option.
英文專著:
Callicott, J. Baird, 1989, In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy, New York: State University of New York Press
______________, 1999, Beyond the Land Ethic: More Essays in Environmental Philosophy, New York: State University of New York Press.
______________, 2013, Thinking Like a Planet: The Land Ethic and the Earth Ethic, New York: Oxford University Press.
Darwin, Charles, 2007, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, New York: Plume.
Hume, David, 1975, A Treatise of Human Nature, Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
___________, 2006, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, London: The Echo Library.
Leopold, Aldo, 1987, A Sand County Almanac, and Sketches Here and There, New York: Oxford University Press.
____________, 2001, A Sand County Almanac: with essays on conservation, New York: Oxford University Press.
Regan, Tom, 2004, The case for animal rights, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Rolston, Holmes III, 1988, Environmental Ethics: Duties to and Values in The Natural World, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Singer, Peter, 2009, Animal Liberation: the definitive classic of the animal movement, New York: Harper Collins.
英文論文:
Callicott, J. Baird, 2002, “The Progmatic Power and Promise of Theoretical Environmental Ethics: Forging a New Discourse”, Environmental Values 11: 3-25.
______________, 2013, “Ecology and Moral Ontology”, The Structural Links between Ecology, Evolution and Ethics: The Virtuous Epistemic Circle, Springer: 101-116.
Domsky, Darren, 2008, “Why Callicott’s Ecological Communitarianism Is Not Holistic”, The Journal of Value Unquiry 42: 389-396.
Fox, Warwick, 1993, “What Does the Recognition of Intrinsic Value Entail?”, Trumpeter 10: 101.
Godfrey-Smith, William, 2005, “The Rights of Non-humans and Intrinsic Values”, Environmental Philosophy: Critical Concepts in the Environment, Volume I, New York: Routledge: 311-326.
Hargrove, Eugene C., 1992, “Weak Anthropocentric Intrinsic Value”, The Monist, Vol. 75, No. 2: 183-207.
Lee, Jack, 2010, “Intrinsic Value and Respect for the Natural Environment”, Sustainability and Quality of Life, California: Ria University Press: 35-49.
Lo, Y. S., 2001, “the Land Ethic and Callicott’s Ethical System (1980-2001): An Overview and Critique”, Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy, 44(3): 331-358.
_______, 2006, “Making and Finding Values in Nature: From a Humean Point of View”, Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy, 49(2): 123-147.
Marietta Jr., Don E., 1979, “The Interrelationship of Ecological Science and Environmental Ethics”, Environmental Ethics 2: 195-207.
___________________, 1982, “Knowledge and Obligation in Environmental Ethics: A Phenomenological Approach”, Environmental Ethics 4: 153-162.
Norton, Bryan G., 1984, “Environmental Ethics and Weak Anthropocentrism”, in Environmental Ethics, ed. By Andrew Light and Rolston, Blackwell: 131-148.
Nuyen, A. Tuan, 1981, “An Anthropocentric Ethics Toward Animals and Nature”, in Journal of Value Inquiry, 15(3): 215-223.
O’Neill, John, 1992, “The Varieties of Intrinsic Value”, Monist, Vol 75: 119-137.
Regan, Tom, 1980, “On the Connection between Environmental Science and Environmental Ethics”, Environmental Ethics 2: 363-66.
Rolston, Holmes III, 1975, “Is There an Ecological Ethics”, in Ethics, 85/2: 93-109.
________________, 1981, “Value in Nature”, Environmental Ethics 3: 113-28.
________________, 1982, “Are Values in Nature Subjective or Objective?”, Environmental Ethics 4: 125-151.
Singer, Peter, 1973, “The Triviality of the Debate Over ‘Is-Ought’ and the Definition of ‘Moral’ ”, American Philosophical Quarterly 10: 51-56.
Taylor, Paul W., 1984, “Are Humans Superior to Animals and Plants?” , Environmental Ethics 6.
Zimmerman, Michael E., 1985, “The Critique of Natural Rights and the Search for a Non-anthropocentric Basis for Moral Behavior”, Value Inquiry 19: 43-53.
中文專著:
朱建明、葉保強、李瑞全編著,2005,《應用倫理與現代社會》,臺北:國立空中大學。
朱錦忠編著,2007,《環境生態學》,臺北:新文京開發。
李奧帕德,2005,吳美真譯,《沙郡年記:李奧帕德的自然沉思》,臺北:天下遠見出版。
休謨,1999,王淑芹譯,《道德原理探究》,北京:中國社會科學。
____,2007,石碧球譯,《人性論》,北京:九州出版社。
利奧波德,2010,侯文蕙譯,《沙鄉的沉思》,北京:新世界出版社。
彼特•辛格,湯姆•雷根編,2010,曾建平、代峰譯,《動物權利與人類義務》,北京:北京大學出版社。
洛夫洛克,1996,金恆鑣譯,《蓋亞,大地之母:地球是活的!》,臺北:天下遠見出版。
達爾文,1997,潘光旦、胡壽文譯,《人類的由來》,北京:商務印書館。
______,1998,葉篤莊、周建人、方宗熙譯,《物種起源》,臺北:台灣商務。
羅史東,1996,王瑞香譯,《環境倫理學:對自然界的義務與自然界的價值》,臺北:國立編譯館。
羅伯特•奧迪英文版主編,2002,林正弘中文版審定召集,《劍橋哲學詞典》,臺北:貓頭鷹出版。
中文論文:
李秀艷,2013,<羅爾斯頓與克裡考特的荒野論爭及其反思>,《哈爾濱工業大學學報(社會科學版)》第15卷第2期,頁135-140。
李瑞全,2000,<儒家環境倫理學之基本觀念:對伽理葛特之構想的一個批判回應>,《鵝湖學誌》第25期,臺北,頁190-205。
黃彥程,2012,<生態學何以成為大地倫理的理論基石>,《內蒙古社會科學》第33卷第1期,頁140-145。
程進發,2005,<休謨論者的環境正義之道德哲學基礎>,《應用倫理研究通訊》第36期,中壢:國立中央大學哲學研究所,頁61-69。
楊通金,2003,<大地倫理學及其哲學基礎>,《玉溪師範學院學報》第19卷第3期,頁26-30。
劉曉華,2010,<論凱裡考特主觀的內在價值觀>,《自然辯證法研究》第26卷第5期,頁81-85。
學位論文:
吳諮諭(研撰),陳瑤華(指導),2005,《自然的內在價值——與人類中心論不能相容嗎?》,臺北:東吳大學哲學研究所碩士論文。
林恩志(研撰),李凱恩(指導),2012,《人類中心主義批判研究》,中壢:國立中央大學哲學研究所碩士論文。
黃辰翔(研撰),李凱恩(指導),2016,《Naess深層生態學研究》,中壢:國立中央大學哲學研究所碩士論文。
程進發(研撰),蕭振邦(指導),2007,《為環境倫理學整體論辯護及其應用》,中壢:國立中央大學哲學研究所博士論文。
羅嘉容(研撰),李凱恩(指導),2014,《Rolston生態環境內在價值論探究》,中壢:國立中央大學哲學研究所碩士論文。
網路資料:
<科學家:地球物種加速流失 邁入第6次物種大滅絕>,新浪新聞,見http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2015-06-21/105031973941.shtml .(2016/4/16瀏覽)
<奧卡姆剃刀>,維基百科,見https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E5%89%83%E5%88%80 . (2016/4/16瀏覽)