一體式植牙穩固度檢測裝置之設計製作及驗證｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	謝大誠 Tai-shin Chia
論文名稱：	一體式植牙穩固度檢測裝置之設計製作及驗證 Design and Implementation of Detection Devices for Dental Implantation Stability
指導教授：	潘敏俊 Min-Chun Pan
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	生醫理工學院 - 生物醫學工程研究所 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering
論文出版年：	2013
畢業學年度：	101
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	68
中文關鍵詞：	牙科植體、磁激振、霍爾效應、共振頻率分析
外文關鍵詞：	dental implant, Hall effect sensor, resonance frequency analysis, magnetism excitation
相關次數：	點閱：8 下載：0
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本研究利用非接觸式磁激振與感應原理於人工植牙術後穩固度檢測，其檢測方式基於結構共振頻率檢測法。為驗證裝置之量測有效性，線性霍爾感應器測得植體之共振頻率將與市售檢測裝置Osstell® ISQ測得之結果作相關性分析，同時利用電容式位移計量測植體實際位移量作為對照。研究分兩部分，第一部分主要介紹電磁與線性霍爾效應之原理，並且說明系統（電磁鐵，植體，線性霍爾感應器）運作方式。第二部分利用體外實驗與動物實驗，驗證並瞭解其臨床使用之特性。此外藉由實驗說明轉移函數與均方根值使線性霍爾感應器測得植體共振頻率之方式。也透過電容式位移計瞭解Osstell® ISQ 之機制，作為未來裝置改良標準。
經動物實驗10週觀察植體頻率變化，兔子脛骨長軸測得（3916±364 至5696±153 Hz），其短軸測得（5813±783 至 6026±154 Hz）。結果顯示電磁激振感應與 Osstell® ISQ 測得結果高度相關(長軸R2 = 0.97-0.96，短軸 R2 =0.57-0.4)，但隨著時間癒合植牙穩固度提升以及軟組織包覆植體，磁激振強度不足導致實驗結果不理想。從研究指出, 非接觸式磁激振與感應裝置可同側激振與接收並具有發展性也成功將裝置一體化。

The aim of this thesis was to develop a detection device for dental implantation stability, based on resonance frequency method by using magnetism excitation and measurement. For the implementation and performance verification of the new designed EM instrument, the Osstell® ISQ and its SmartPegTM were used as a benchmark for comparison. Especially to verify the sensing performance of the dual Hall-effect sensor, a high precision non-contact displacement sensor was used to capture the actual displacement response of the TestPegTM for RF value comparison. The thesis consists of two parts. First, brief description of basic concepts of a electromagnetism, the Hall effect theory, and the system (electromagnet, implant, Hall-effect sensor) overview. Secondly, the in-vitro and in-vivo experimental model was designed to verify the performance of the EM instrument, and additional experiment to explain the output of the EM instrument. Besides, a capacitive displacement sensor was employed to capture the Osstell® ISQ excitation signal for its mechanism brief description. The comparison of the EM and Osstell® ISQ excitation signal was capture by the Hall effect sensor.
From a 10-week experiment on the RF observation on the rabbit tibia shows measurement on the axial direction (3916±364 to 5696±153 Hz) and lateral direction (5813±783 to 6026±154 Hz). The result shows EM instrument is highly correlated with the result of Osstell® ISQ (axial: R2 = 0.97-0.96, lateral: R2 =0.57-0.4). The Hall effect sensor was failed to detect response at the last 2 experiments, due to the EM instrument was self-assembly by different components, and the excitation response of the EM instrument at high frequency was not strong enough to vibrate the object. The study shows the non-contact EM instrument is feasible for detection on dental implantation stability.

摘要    i
Abstract    ii
誌謝    iii
Contents    iv
List of Table    x
Chapter 1    Introduction    1
1    Research Background and Motivation    1
2    Literature Review    1
2.1    Invasive Methods    1
2.2    Non-invasive Methods    2
2.2.1    Radiographic observation    2
2.2.2    Periotest    2
2.3    Resonance Frequency Method    2
2.3.1    Osstell    2
2.3.2    Implomate    3
2.3.3    Noncontact Vibro-Acoustic RF Detection    3
2.3.4    Noncontact electromagnetic vibration device    4
3    Framework    5
Chapter 2    Detection Mechanism for Dental Implantation Stability    7
1    Detection of Structural Resonance    7
1.1    Resonance Frequency of Cantilever Structure    7
1.2    Vibration measurements    8
1.3    Signal Processing    9
1.3.1    Fast Fourier Transform    9
1.3.2    Root-Mean Square (R.M.S)    9
1.3.3    Transfer Function    10
2    Basic Magnetism Properties    11
2.1    Magnetic Field of a Permanent Magnet    11
2.2    Attraction and Repulsion of Magnet    12
2.3    Electromagnetism    12
2.4    The Magnitude of Magnetism    13
2.4.1    Magnetic Flux Density    13
2.4.2    Magnetic Field of Current    13
2.4.3    Relationship between H and B    14
3    Electromagnet    14
3.1.1    Magnetic Field in a Loop    14
3.1.2    Solenoid    15
4    Hall-effect Sensing    16
4.1    Basic theory of the Hall-effect    17
4.2    Basic Hall effect sensors    18
Chapter 3    Design of Detection Devices    19
1    Detection Devices Overview    20
2    Devices Component Overview    22
2.1    Electro-Magnet    22
2.2    Ratiometric Linear Hall-effect Sensor    23
2.3    LabVIEW User/Machine Interface of EM Measuring Device    24
Chapter 4    Device Implementation and Performance Verification    26
1    Experimental Procedure    26
1.1    EM Detection Device    27
1.2    Osstell® ISQ Probe Exciter    27
1.3    Piezo Buzzer    28
2    Devices Verification on TestPeg    30
3    In Vivo Animal Model for Devices Measurement    30
Chapter 5    Experimental Results and Discussion    33
1    Devices Measurement on TestPeg    33
2    Disscusion on TestPeg Experimention    35
2.1    Significance of Peak and Valley on DHE Sensing Spectrum    35
2.2    Computation Technique of Dual Hall Effect Sensors    38
2.3    Mechanism of Osstell Excitation    40
2.4    Comparison of Electromagnet and Osstell® ISQ Probe    43
3    In-vivo Experimental Result    44
In-vivo Experimental Discussion    47
Chapter 6    Conclusions and Future Work    49
Reference    51
Appendix A:    Linear Regression Analysis Result (Axial Direction)    53
Appendix B:    Linear Regression Analysis Result (Lateral Direction)    57

                                

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