目錄……………………………………………….Ⅰ 流程圖索引……………………………………….Ⅲ 圖索引…………………………………………….Ⅳ 表索引…………………………………………….Ⅵ 第一章 前言…………………………………………1 1-1 超疏水原理及其機制……………………………2 1-2 超疏水現象數學模式……………………………3 1-3 表面粗糙度製備方式……………………………7 1-4 溶膠凝膠法介紹…………………………………10 1-4-1 pH值對溶膠凝膠法的影響……………………15 1-4-2水含量的多寡對溶膠-凝膠法的影響…………16 1-4-3溶劑的比例對溶膠-凝膠法的影響……………16 1-5 實驗目的…………………………………………20 第二章 實驗……………………………………….…21 2-1 實驗藥品……………………………………..…22 2-2 實驗儀器………………………………………..24 2-3 超疏水性薄膜材料製備…………………………25 2-3-1 前置物製備………………………………..…25 2-3-2 前置物法製備超疏水薄膜材料………………25 2-3-3 同時聚合法製備超疏水薄膜材料…………..28 2-4 超疏水薄膜材料之物性測試……………………30 2-4-1 接觸角測量……………………………….….30 2-4-2 硬度測試………………………………………30 2-4-3 穿透度測試……………………………………30 2-4-4 SEM進行表面微結構分析…………………….30 2-4-5 AFM進行表面微結構分析…………………….31 第三章 結果與討論………………………………….32 3-1 前置物法之製備實驗參數探討…………………33 3-1-1 矽烷種類與TEOS對接觸角之影響………....33 3-1-2 前置物於不同pH值反應對接觸角之影響……34 3-1-3 系統中溶劑含量對接觸角之影響…………..36 3-1-4 系統中水含量對接觸角之影響……………..36 3-1-5不同反應時間與反應溫度對接觸角之影響….39 3-1-6前置物中含不同量之SiO2粉體對接觸角之影響47 3-1-7添加SiO2粉體於不同溫度反應對接觸角與硬度之影響….47 3-1-8 TEOS/KBE-13不同比例對接觸角與硬度之影響..52 3-2同時聚合法之製備實驗參數探討……………………56 3-2-1利用田口品質工程(L9)研究最佳接觸角與硬度配方 (1)….56 3-2-2疏水官能基密度與粗糙度對接觸角及硬度比較…66 3-2-3利用田口品質工程(L9)研究最佳接觸角與硬度配方(2)…68 3-2-4 透明度探討…………………………………….77 3-2-4-1反應液濃度對接觸角及透明度之影響…….77 3-2-4-2轉速對接觸角及透明度之影響…………….77 第四章 結論…………………………………………84 參考文獻……………………………………………..86 IIList of Schemes Scheme2-1 The process of preparing precursor…26 Scheme 2-2 The sol-gel process of preparing superhydrophobic materials by precursor method...27 Scheme. 2-3 The sol-gel process of preparing superhydrophobic materials by in-situ method…29 IIIList of Figures Fig.1-1 Micromorphological characteristics of lotus leaf surfaces………4 Fig.1-2 The pristine leaves of the lotus plant have inspired studies into the superhydrophobic mechanism of self-cleaning…………..…..4 Fig.1-3 “Self-cleaning effect” of the roughness of surface………………5 Fig.1-4 The relationship of colors andhydrophobic of the butterfly with the surface texture………5 Fig.1-5 Wetting of solid surfaces according to Young’s equation……8 Fig.1-6 (a)Wenzel’s theory (b)Cassie’s theory………………………8 Fig.1-7 The relationship of Roughness and Contact Angle……………8 Fig.1-8 The hydrolysis and condensation of silane……………………..12 Fig.1-9 The sol-gel process……………………..13 Fig. 1-10 Polymerization behavior of aqueous silica…………………...17 Fig. 1-11 Effects of pH in aqueous silica sol-gel system……………….18 Fig. 1-12 Models of silica growth………………………………………19 Fig. 2-1 The structural formula of Silanes………………………………23 Fig. 3-1 TEOS、EtOH、H2O ternary-phase diagram…………………..38 Fig. 3-2 AFM photographs of films prepared at different reaction temperature for 1hr………45 Fig.3-3 TGA curves of KBE-13 precursor reacted at different temperature for 1hr…………………46 Fig. 3-4 The particle size distribution of SiO2 powder………………….48 Fig. 3-5 SEM photograph of superhydrophobic material’s surface texture by adding different amount of SiO2 powder………….50 Fig. 3-6 The characteristic of water drop on the glass by different kinds of precursor……….51 Fig. 3-7 The influence factor of Contact Angle by Taguchi method….61 Fig. 3-8 The influence factor of Hardness by Taguchi method…………63 Fig. 3-9 SEM photograph of No.I2-5 Surface texture.………………...65 Fig. 3-10 SEM photograph of No.I2-3 Surface texture...……………….65 Fig. 3-11 The influence factor of Contact Angle by Taguchi method…..72 Fig. 3-12 The particle size distribution of A-200……………………….74 Fig. 3-13 The influence factor of Hardness by Taguchi method………..75 Fig. 3-14 SEM、AFM photographs and drop type of dilute 1/2………80 Fig. 3-15 SEM photographs of different concentration reactants in system…………….81 Fig. 3-16 The transparent of different concentration of reactants and different spin coating rate…………………………………….82 Fig. 3-17 Photograph of a droplet on superhydrophobic material………83 List of Tables Table 1-1 Characteristics of precursors………14 Table 3-1 Preparation conditions and characteristics of thin films prepared by different silanes………………………………….35 Table 3-2 Preparation conditions and characteristics of hydrophobic films by different value of pH ……………………………….37 Table 3-3 Preparation conditionsand characteristics of hydrophobic films by different amount of solvent…………………………40 Table 3-4 Preparation condition and characteristics of hydrophobic films by different amount of H2O…………………………….41 Table 3-5 Preparation conditions(a) and characteristics of films by changing reaction time and reaction temperature…………44 Table3-6 Preparation conditionsand characteristics of superhydrophobic materials by adding varies amount of SiO2 powder………….49 Table 3-7 Preparation conditions and characteristics of superhydrophobic materials in different reaction temperature after spin coating..53 Table 3-8 Preparation conditions and characteristics of superhydrophobic materials by different molar ratio of TEOS/Silane…………...55 Table 3-9 L9 experiment dispose of Quality Engineering……………….59 Table 3-10Preparation conditions and characteristics of superhydrophobic materials by Taguchi method…………………………………60 Table 3-11 The Rank of influence factor of Contact Angle…………….62 Table 3-12 The optimum prescription of Contact Angle………………..62 Table 3-13 The Rank of influence factor of Hardness…………………..64 Table 3-14 The optimum prescription of Hardness……………………..64 Table 3-15 The importance of roughness and hydrophobic function group comparison sheet…67 Table3-16 Preparation conditions and characteristics of superhydrophobic materials by Taguchi method…………………………………71 Table 3-17 The Rank of influence factor of Contact Angle…………….73 Table 3-18 The optimum prescription of Contact Angle………………..73 Table 3-19 The Rank of influence factor of Hardness…………………..76 Table 3-20 The optimum prescription of Hardness……………………..76 Table 3-21 Preparation conditions and characteristics of superhydrophobic materials by different concentration of reactants……………79