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研究生： 劉岳群
Yueh-Chun Liu
論文名稱： 離岸風力機塔架在正常發電下之疲勞分析
nono
指導教授： 黃俊仁
Jiun-Ren Hwang
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2020
畢業學年度： 108
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 122
中文關鍵詞： 離岸風力機 、塔架 、疲勞 、GH-Bladed
外文關鍵詞： Offshore wind turbine, Tower, Fatigue, GH-Bladed
相關次數： 點閱：14  下載：0 
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    • 本研究以NREL 5MW OWT風力機塔架為對象，選擇規範IEC 61400-3之DLC 1.2疲勞工況，進行離岸風力機在正常發電時之塔架疲勞分析。風況及海況模擬參數，為採用新竹沿海之資料，並整合GH-Bladed、ANSYS、MATLAB及FAMOS等軟體進行疲勞分析。葉片與塔架模型的準確性以自然頻率分析值與實驗值之比較來驗證。材料疲勞性質的應力-壽命(S-N)線選用Eurocode 3之71 category。疲勞分析方法包括雨流循環計數、Goodman平均應力修正及Miner疲勞損傷累積法則。
    研究結果顯示塔架除了塔底管壁內側有較大von-Mises應力外，亦在23 m高度管壁外側出現較大應力。在應力歷程計算方面，可採用單位負載法取代ANSYS動態應力分析，以大幅降低分析時間。在切入風速至切出風速之間，風速愈高，則塔架的疲勞損傷愈大，且大致成線性關係。在海洋參數中，示性波高愈大，塔架疲勞損傷愈大。尖峰週期提高時，塔架底部疲勞損傷會降低。水位的上升，會提高塔架的疲勞損傷值。風浪方向為 -45°時，會比0°時造成較大的塔架損傷。在20年正常發電下各風浪方向觀測位置之疲勞損傷值皆小於1，塔架在此期間不會產生疲勞失效。

    In this study, the fatigue damage of NREL 5MW OWT wind turbine tower was analyzed under the normal power production based on the DLC 1.2 in IEC 61400-3. Wind and sea conditions were based on the information obtained from the coast of Hsinchu. Software programs including GH-Bladed, ANSYS, MATLAB and FAMOS were integrated. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the results of natural frequency analysis with the experimental data. The S-N curve of 71 category in Eurocode 3 was adopted in the fatigue analysis. Fatigue analysis methods included rainflow cycle counting, Goodman mean stress correction, and Miner’s fatigue damage accumulation rule.
    The results show that the inner wall of the tower bottom had a maximum von Mises stress and the outer wall at a height of 23 m also had high stress. In the aspect of stress history calculation, unit load method can replace ANSYS dynamic stress analysis to greatly reduce the analysis time. The higher the wind speed is, the greater the fatigue damage of the tower is, and the relationship is roughly linear. The higher the indicative significant wave height is, the greater the fatigue damage of the tower is. When the peak period is increased, the fatigue damage at the bottom of the tower will be reduced. The rise of sea level will increase the fatigue damage value of the tower. When the wind wave direction is -45°, the tower damage will be greater than that at 0°. Under 20 years of normal power generation, the fatigue damage of the tower is less than 1, and fatigue failure of the tower will not occur during this period.

    摘要 i Abstract ii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 viii 表目錄 xii 符號說明 xiii 第一章、緒論 1 1-1 研究背景與動機 1 1-2研究目的 5 1-3離岸風力機簡介 6 1-3-1風力機原理 6 1-3-2離岸風力機機組構造 7 1-4文獻回顧 9 1-4-1離岸風力機之設計規定 9 1-4-2應力之分析 9 1-4-3風力機疲勞壽命評估 11 第二章、理論說明 13 2-1軟體說明 13 2-1-1 GH-Bladed 13 2-1-2 MATLAB 13 2-1-3 imc FAMOS 14 2-2風力機外部條件 15 2-2-1風況條件 16 2-2-1-1風速分布 16 2-2-1-2 十分鐘平均風速 17 2-2-1-3風切係數 17 2-2-1-4紊流強度 18 2-2-2海況條件 19 2-2-2-1波浪 19 2-2-2-2潮汐水位 21 2-3單位負載法 23 2-4疲勞分析 23 2-4-1應力－壽命曲線(S-N Curve) 24 2-4-2常用熔融銲接結構疲勞設計規範 25 2-4-3 平均應力的影響及修正 26 2-4-4循環計數 29 2-4-5疲勞損傷累積 31 第三章、研究方法 32 3-1離岸風力機型號與規格 33 3-2建構NREL 5MW OWT模型 37 3-2-1 GH-Bladed建構NREL 5MW OWT模型 37 3-2-2 ANSYS建構NREL 5MW OWT塔架模型 40 3-2-2-1 NREL 5MW OWT塔架模型設定 40 3-2-2-3 NREL 5MW OWT塔架法蘭模型 41 3-2-2-3 ANSYS網格設定 43 3-3模態分析 45 3-3-1 GH-Bladed模態分析 45 3-3-2 ANSYS Workbench模態分析 45 3-4 NREL 5MW OWT設計工況 46 3-5 GH-Bladed塔架負載轉換 54 3-6 GH-Bladed模擬資料取樣頻率 57 第四章、結果與討論 59 4-1 NREL 5MW OWT葉片及塔架模態分析 59 4-2疲勞分析位置之選定 61 4-2-1確認塔架分析之截面高度 63 4-2-2確認各截面方位角 65 4-3單位負載法 69 4-4疲勞損傷評估 72 4-4-1材料性質 72 4-4-2循環計數及應力馬可夫矩陣 74 4-4-3平均應力修正 74 4-4-4疲勞損傷分析 76 4-5塔架疲勞損傷分析 77 4-5-1風速對疲勞損傷之影響 77 4-5-2海洋參數對疲勞損傷之影響 78 4-5-2-1示性波高之影響 78 4-5-2-2尖峰週期之影響 83 4-5-3正常發電20年之疲勞損傷 87 4-5-3-1水位之影響 87 4-5-3-2風浪方向之影響 88 4-5-4風與浪之亂數種子之影響 93 第五章、結論與未來研究方向 96 5-1結論 96 5-2未來研究方向 97 參考文獻 98

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