C波段可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器研製與性能評估

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研究生：	簡誌宏 Chin-Hung Jian
論文名稱：	C波段可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器研製與性能評估 The design and validation of C-band tunable Doppler shift active radar calibration
指導教授：	陳錕山 Kun-Shan Chen
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	地球科學學院 - 太空科學研究所 Graduate Institute of Space Science
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	101
中文關鍵詞：	合成孔徑雷達、都卜勒頻移、雷達影像、雷達校正、主動式雷達校正器
外文關鍵詞：	active radar calibration, synthetic aperture radar, radar calibration, radar image, SAR, doppler shift
相關次數：	點閱：12 下載：0
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查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

由於合成孔徑雷達可以全天候的觀測地球環境變化，利用合成孔徑雷達影像作資料的蒐集與分析 (例如：變遷偵測、地物分類、國土監測) 有不可取代的優勢。然而要分析這些資料，影像的輻射校正是很重要的步驟，所以本論文發展C 波段可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器，針對歐洲太空總署(ESA)的兩顆合成孔徑雷達衛星ERS-2、ENVISAT，進行合成孔徑雷達影像校正。
本研究應用都卜勒效應研製C波段可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器，利用合成孔徑雷達信號做都卜勒頻移，產生方位方向的移位，作為影像方位方向的幾何校正控制點。經實驗證實，可以從影像中萃取合成孔徑雷達影像校正係數(K)值為54.24dB，且將合成孔徑雷達信號分別產生180 赫茲與240 赫茲的頻移，其空間的移動量分別為565.87 公尺與749.18 公尺,與理論值相符。由本研究發展的校正器可以得到兩個可靠的方位方向移動點，提供方位方向的幾何校正參考點，而獲得到的校正係數(K)值，可作為精密輻射校正之用。

Operating in all weather, the synthetic aperture radar(SAR) has great advantage to collect and analyze the earth environmental information,such as change detection, land cover classification, and land use monitoring, just to name a few. However, before these can be done, a precise radiometric calibration is critical. This study is devoted to developing a C-band tunable Doppler shift active radar calibrator for such purpose. The experimental measurements and tests were carried out by using SAR onboard ERS-2 and ENVISAT satellites. By shifting the frequency along the azimuth direction, it is possible to generate point response along that direction and hence provide good control points on the ground for both radiometric and geometric calibrations. Experimental data confirms that the calibrator constant, K, is about 54.24 dB for ERS-2 and ENVISAT SAR. The dual frequency shifts at 180 Hz and 240 Hz produce a spatial shift at 565.87m and 749.18m, respectively, which are in excellent agreement with theoretical values. Hence, the operational function of the developed calibrator is successfully demonstrated. It should be very useful to precise geometric and radiometric calibration for satellite SAR.

摘要(中文) ………………………………………………………… i
摘要(英文) ………………………………………………………… ii
致謝………………………………………………………………… iii
目錄………………………………………………………………… iv
圖目………………………………………………………………… vii
表目………………………………………………………………… xi
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究目的……………………………………………………1
1.2 文獻回顧……………………………………………………3
1.3 章節介紹……………………………………………………5
第二章 主動式雷達校正器之相關原理………………………… 7
2.1 合成孔徑雷達原理…………………………………………7
2.1.1 合成孔徑雷達斜距處理………………………… 8
2.1.1.1 匹配濾波器………………………………… 10
2.1.2 合成孔徑雷達方位處理………………………… 12
2.1.2.1 都卜勒變化……………………………… 13
iv
2.1.2.2 脈波重覆頻率PRF(Pulse Repetition
Frequency) ……………………………… 15
2.2 雷達方程式……………………………………………… 18
2.2.1 雷達校正參數換算式……………………………… 20
2.2.2 積和方法(Integrated method) ………………… 21
2.3 方位角及仰角…………………………………………… 24
2.3.1 計算方位角……………………………………… 24
2.3.2 計算仰角…………………………………………… 26
第三章 可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器設計與實現……… 28
3.1 設計目的………………………………………………… 28
3.2 都卜勒頻移之研析……………………………………… 29
3.2.1 都卜勒頻移相關性推導…………………………… 29
3.2.2 都卜勒頻移相關模擬……………………………… 32
3.2.2.1 都卜勒頻移影像模擬……………………… 32
3.2.2.2 都卜勒頻移硬體模擬…………………………… 37
3.3 可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器之調變器製作…… 42
3.3.1 調變器原理…………………………………… 42
3.3.2 調變器製作…………………………………… 45
3.4 可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器系統架構………… 49
v
3.5 電路佈局與外部結構設計……………………………… 51
3.6 可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器與角反射器
野外施測步驟…………………………………………… 54
3.6.1 可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器於實驗場地之
架設安裝………………………………………… 54
3.6.2 角反射器於實驗場地之架設安裝………………… 55
第四章 可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器實驗結果………… 57
4.1 於2007/4/19 ARC 於ERS-2 實驗…………………………57
4.2 於2007/5/5 CR 於ERS-2 實驗……………………………63
4.3 於2007/5/24 ARC 與CR 於ERS-2 實驗……………… 66
4.4 於2007/5/24 ARC 與CR 於ENVISAT 實驗…………… 73
4.5 可調式都卜勒頻移主動雷達校正器實驗資料統計…… 78
第五章 結論與展望……………………………………………… 81
5.1 結論……………………………………………………… 81
5.2 展望…………………………………………………………82
參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 84

                                

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