以軟體定義無線電平台設計與實現 OFDM MIMO收發機

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研究生：	李芝儀 Chih-Yi LEE
論文名稱：	以軟體定義無線電平台設計與實現 OFDM MIMO收發機 Design and Implementation of an OFDM MIMO Transceiver with SDR Platform
指導教授：	陳逸民 Yih-Min Chen
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系 Department of Communication Engineering
論文出版年：	2022
畢業學年度：	110
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	130
中文關鍵詞：	正交分頻多工、多輸入多輸出系統、軟體定義無線電、發射機、接收機
外文關鍵詞：	OFDM, MIMO, Software-defined-radio, Transmitter, Receiver
相關次數：	點閱：18 下載：0
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正交分頻多工為第四代行動通訊 ( 4G ) 的主要技術，然而隨著無線通訊技術的進步與人們對行動通訊的使用方式改變，高速資料傳輸及低時間延遲等需求成為目前的趨勢，進而發展出第五代行動通訊 ( 5G )。其中可以利用多輸入多輸出的技術來提升頻譜效率及毫米波頻段的使用來增加頻寬，結合兩者優點可在實務上增加資料的傳輸速率。
本論文將會旨在多輸入多輸出系統（Multi-input Multi-output, MIMO）的正交分頻多工系統（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM）與其調變原理做介紹，並參考LTE Downlink相關規格，著墨於訊框架構和通道估測等化。以軟體定義無線電（Software Defined Radio, SDR）方式設計，利用發射機兩根天線與接收機兩根天線來實現訊號即時傳輸。又以觀測經過通道後不同增益和距離帶來的影響，來探討本論文系統的品質。

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the main technology of the fourth generation mobile communication (4G).However, with the advancement of wireless communication technology and the changes of using mobile, high-speed data transmission and low time delay requirements have become the current trend.The technology of Multiple-Input And Multiple-Output can be used to improve the spectrum efficiency and the use of Multi-mode Wideband to increase the bandwidth. Combining the advantages of the two can increase the data transmission speed in practice.
The main purpose of the paper is to introduce OFDM MIMO system and its modulation principle refer to the specifications of LTE Downlink. It will also focus on the frame structure, channel estimation and channel equalization.By using two antennas of the transmitter and two antennas of the receiver to realize real-time signal transmission and implemented on Software Defined Radio (SDR) and observe the influence of different gains after passing through the channel to discuss the quality of the system in this paper.

摘要 ................................................. i
Abstract ............................................. ii
誌謝 ................................................. iii
目錄 ................................................. iv
圖目錄 .............................................. vii
表目錄 .............................................. xiii
第一章 緒論 .......................................... 1
1-1 研究動機與背景 ................................... 1
1-2 章節簡介 ......................................... 2
第二章 OFDM MIMO 系統簡介 ............................ 3
2-1 正交分頻多工調變原理 ............................. 3
2-2 保護區間(Guard Interval) .........................7
2-3 正交分頻多重存取系統 ..............................9
2-4 OFDM MIMO 系統介紹 .............................. 10
2-5 多輸入多輸出系統相關介紹 ......................... 12
第三章 OFDM MIMO 收發機系統 ..........................15
3-1 發射機 ......................................... 20
3-1-1 星座圖映射器 .................................. 20
3-1-2 領航訊號與參數訊號 ............................. 21
3-1-3 快速傅立葉轉換 ................................. 23
3-1-4 循環字首 ...................................... 25
3-2 接收機 .......................................... 26
3-2-1 符元時序同步（Symbol Timing Synchronization）... 26
3-2-2 符元時序偏移討論 ................................26
3-2-3 符元時序同步原理 ............................... 27
3-2-4 載波頻率同步 ................................... 28
3-2-5 載波頻率誤差之影響 ............................. 28
3-2-6 載波頻率同步原理 ............................... 31
3-2-7 通道估測 ...................................... 32
3-2-8 通道等化 ..................................... 36
3-2-9 取樣後維持通道估測（Sample and Hold） ...........37
第四章 OFDM MIMO 收發機系統硬體設計 .................. 38
4-1 OFDM MIMO 收發機系統架構 ........................ 38
4- 2 OFDM MIMO 發射機 .............................. 39
4-2-1 星座圖映射器 ................................. 39
4-2-2 領航訊號與參數訊號產生器....................... 40
4-2-3 訊框架構產生器 ............................... 41
4-2-3-1 訊框架構產生器(一)...........................42
4-2-3-2 訊框架構產生器(二)...........................43
4-2-4 子載波分配器 ................................ 44
4-2-5 快速反傅立葉轉換器 ........................... 47
4-2-5-1 FFT/IFFT 切換................................49
4-2-5-2 蝶型運算器...................................50
4-2-5-3 FFT 時序控制 ................................53
4-2-5-4 位元反轉排序.................................54
4-2-6 循環字首產生器 ............................... 56
4-2-7 升取濾波器 ................................... 58
4-3 OFDM MIMO 接收機 .............................. 62
4-3-1 降取濾波器 ................................... 62
4-3-2 符元時間同步與載波頻率同步模組 .................. 64
4-3-2-1 延遲相關器模組.................................65
4-3-2-2 峰值檢測器模組.................................67
4-3-3 符碼同步 ..................................... 69
4-3-4 載波頻率同步器 ................................ 70
4-3-5 快速傅立葉轉換器 .............................. 71
4-3-6 解子載波分配器 ................................ 71
4-3-7 解訊框架構器 .................................. 74
4-3-7-1 解訊框架構器(一)...............................75
4-3-7-2 解訊框架構器(二)...............................76
4-3-8 通道估測 ....................................... 77
4-3-8-1 通道響應.......................................78
4-3-8-2 通道估測𝑯𝟏𝟏𝒌𝒑, 𝑯𝟏𝟐𝒌𝒑模組 .....................79
4-3-8-3 通道估測𝑯𝟐𝟏𝒌𝒑, 𝑯𝟐𝟐𝒌𝒑模組 .....................81
4-3-9 通道等化 ....................................... 85
第五章 軟體定義無線電平台之實現與驗證 ................... 92
5-1 軟體定義無線電 .................................... 92
5-2 軟體定義無線電平台 ................................ 92
5-3 FPGA（AC701） .................................... 94
5-4 RF Module（AD9361） .............................. 95
5-5 實驗與驗證結果 ................................... 96
5-5-1 硬體資源使用率 ................................. 97
5-5-2 發射機驗證 ..................................... 99
5-5-3 收發機硬體實現情形 .............................. 101
5-5-4 收發機硬體實現結果................................102
第六章 結論 .......................................... 111
參考文獻 ............................................. 112
                                

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