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研究生: 廖耕德
Keng-te Liao
論文名稱: 高速移動環境下MISO OFDM系統中通道估測與等化之改善
Improvment of Channel Estimation and Equalization for MISO OFDM System in High Mobility Environment
指導教授: 陳逸民
Yih-min Chen
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 資訊電機學院 - 通訊工程學系
Department of Communication Engineering
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 77
中文關鍵詞: 傳送端分集通道估測等化正交分頻多工
外文關鍵詞: Transmit diversity, OFDM, Channel estimation
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  • OFDM系統具有抵抗多重路徑干擾及頻譜使用效率高等優異特性,其中抵抗多重路徑干
    擾是藉由前置循環字首(Cyclic Prefix,CP) 及多載波之特性以達到免除符碼間干擾(Inter
    Symbol Interference,ISI),而頻譜使用效率高則是運用多載波正交特性達到的。在高速
    移動環境下,OFDM 訊號經過時變的通道,接收到的訊號會有都普勒擴展(Doppler
    Spread) 的現象,破壞了子載波間的正交性,而引起載波間干擾(ICI),降低通道估測準確
    度,並使得最高容許的接收速度下降。本論文參考DVB-T/T2 系統,結合傳送端分集技
    術並改良通道估測方式。更進一步修改規格使其更適合高速移動下的環境。


    OFDM systems exhibit advantageous characteristics in combating multi-path transmission
    and spectral efficiency, which use cyclic-prefix to overcome the inter-symbol interference (ISI)
    effect caused in multi-path transmission and multi-carriers with orthogonality to achieve high
    spectral efficiency. In high mobility environment, when the orthogonal multi-carrier signal
    passes through time-varying channel, inter-carrier interference (ICI) is resulted due to the
    loss of orthogonality of subcarriers. The degradation of the system performance due ICI
    is proportional to the Doppler spread, and thus a limitation in the velocity of the mobile
    receiver is inferred in OFDM systems. In this thesis we study on using transmitter diversity
    to improve the performance of OFDM systems in high mobility environment. We propose a
    modification of the transmitter diversity technique in DVB-T2 standard, which is designed
    originally for fixed reception, to make it more suitable for high mobility reception.
    vi

    一、緒論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 研究動機與背景. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 章節提要. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 二、正交分頻多工系統與多天線分集技術簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1 正交分頻多工系統簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1.1 OFDM調變介紹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1.2 OFDM領航碼輔助通道估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2 多天線分級技術簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2.1 傳送端分集. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3 歐規數位電視地面廣播. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.1 DVB-T系統規格與參數. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 三、通道估測與載波間干擾減抑. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.1 通道模型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.1.1 時變通道模型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2 分段線性近似法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.3 多路徑時變通道對OFDM之效應. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.4 單輸入單輸出通道估測等化(SISO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.1 最小平方近似法通道估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.2 通道頻率響應內插. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.4.3 頻域零值逼近等化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.5 多輸入單輸出通道估測等化(MISO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.5.1 領航碼格式與通道估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.6 模型化(Model Based)通道估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.6.1 模型化通道估測演算法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.7 子載波間干擾. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.8 子載波間干擾估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.9 子載波間干擾減抑. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 四、電腦模擬與分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.1 模擬接收機介紹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.2 軟式輸出斐特比解碼器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.2.1 位元分支路徑計量值計算. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.2.2 通道狀態資訊. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.3 高速移動下SISO與MISO之效能. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.4 模型化通道估測參數模擬. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.5 模型化通道估測模擬. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.6 子載波間干擾減抑模擬. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 五、結論與未來展望. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 參考文獻. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

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