都市下水污泥灰燒結輕質化特性之研究｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	蔡振球 Chen-Chiu Tsai
論文名稱：	都市下水污泥灰燒結輕質化特性之研究
指導教授：	王鯤生 Kuen-Sheng Wang
口試委員:
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 環境工程研究所 Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	174
中文關鍵詞：	下水污泥灰、輕質骨材、燒結、特性
外文關鍵詞：	filtration, characteristics, sintering, lightweight aggregate, Sewage sludge ash
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本研究發現於不同下水污泥灰之特定燒成溫度下（1,050℃～1,150℃），矽氧晶相含量將影響到骨材發泡輕質化的結果，而矽氧晶相中之玻璃相，則影響到輕質化效果之重要因子。在同一燒成溫度下，玻璃相含量愈多，則骨材體積膨脹與孔隙率增加，但密度與抗壓強度則降低；而石英相含量對骨材發泡輕質化效果，則有相反的影響，此乃因發泡輕質化作用需要足量的黏滯性玻璃相來包覆氣體，方能達成輕質化的效果。此外，除矽氧晶相變化外，骨材輕質化仍受燒製溫度、石英與玻璃相物質含量、助熔劑含量等影響。另藉由調質以改變燒結體的主成份，則可降低燒結溫度或輕質發泡的效果，惟不論使用石英砂、玻璃質或焚化飛灰等各式資材進行調質，燒結溫度仍為控制輕質發泡的主要關鍵因子。

The study found that the content of SiO2 in different sewage sludge ash affects the bloating effect of aggregates in the specific sintering temperature (1,050℃～1,150℃), and the glass phase material of SiO2 further dominates the lightweight effect during the sintering process. The porosity and volume expanding rate of aggregates increase as the content of the glass phase materials in the sewage sludge ash increases under sintering in the specific temperature. However, the density and compression resistance are reduced at the same moment. In other hand, the crystal SiO2 in sewage sludge ash have negative influence on the bloating effect of aggregates. This is because sufficient Amorphous SiO2 material is needed to trap gaseous bubbles in order to enhance bloating effect. Additionally, except the phrase change of SiO2, there are several factors affecting the bloating effect of aggregates. The factors include sintering temperature, the content of crystal and amorphous phase material, and the flux. We could also reduce the sintering temperature or diminish the bloating effect of aggregates by adding crystal and glass, incinerated ash or etc to adjust the composition of the sewage sludge ash. However, sintering temperature is still the most crucial factor for controlling the bloating effect.
After the evaluation of the efficiency of turbidity removal, as for non-broken-sintered-filter by sintering time in 10min. and sintering temperature at 1,125℃, the filtration performance equal to the sand filled in the 10cm filter bed nearly. The optimum substitution ratio to sand was 25%. Sintered under the same conditions but crumbled artificially later, broken-sintered-filter improved the decreasing efficiency of turbidity removal into upwards, extending the filter run.In conclusion, the sintered filter reveals its potential to substitute the sand as the filter media of the deep bed filtration according to the properly physical and chemical characteristics, and the competence of turbidity removal.

摘要.........................................................................................................................I
Abstract ................................................................................................................. II
目錄....................................................................................................................... II
圖目錄..................................................................................................................VI
表目錄..................................................................................................................XI
第一章 前言.......................................................................................................... 1
1-1 研究緣起................................................................................................. 1
1-2 研究目的與內容..................................................................................... 2
第二章 文獻回顧.................................................................................................. 3
2-1 下水污泥產生現況與基本特性.............................................................. 3
2-1-1 國內下水污泥產生現況................................................................ 3
2-1-2 國外下水污泥產生與再利用現況分析........................................ 6
2-1-3 下水污泥灰之特性...................................................................... 12
2-1-3-1 下水污泥灰物理性質............................................................... 12
2-1-3-2 下水污泥灰的化學特性.......................................................... 13
2-2 燒結理論............................................................................................... 17
2-2-1 成形階段..................................................................................... 17
2-2-2 燒結階段..................................................................................... 24
2-2-3 燒結之機制.................................................................................. 30
2-2-4 影響燒結的因子.......................................................................... 32
2-3 燒結輕質化機制.................................................................................... 33
2-3-1 輕質骨材之燒結理論.................................................................. 33
2-3-2 輕質骨材中之氣體來源.............................................................. 41
2-3-2 主成份對輕質化機制的影響...................................................... 42
2-4 影響燒結輕質化之因素....................................................................... 44
2-4-1 材料特性因素對輕質化之影響.................................................. 44
2-4-2 鹼類物質之影響.......................................................................... 44
2-4-3 中性物變化之影響...................................................................... 46
2-4-4 酸性物變化之影響...................................................................... 47
2-5 下水污泥灰材料化與應用................................................................... 49
第三章 研究方法、流程與實驗設計............................................................... 52
3-1 研究架構說明....................................................................................... 52
3-2 實驗設計與流程................................................................................... 52
3-2-1 下水污泥灰粉體材料特性的解析.............................................. 54
3-2-2 不同種類下水污泥灰之輕質發泡效應分析.............................. 55
3-2-3 下水污泥灰比表面積變化對輕質發泡機制之影響.................. 56
3-2-4 矽氧材料調質對輕質發泡機制之影響...................................... 57
3-2-5 下水污泥灰和焚化飛灰之共同燒結輕質化探討...................... 58
3-3 研究材料、設備與儀器....................................................................... 59
3-3-1 研究設備...................................................................................... 59
3-3-2 使用儀器...................................................................................... 61
3-4 分析項目與方法.................................................................................... 62
第四章 下水污泥灰粉體材料特性................................................................... 69
4-1 下水污泥之基本特性........................................................................... 69
4-2 下水污泥灰基本特性分析................................................................... 70
4-2-1 下水污泥灰之物理特性.................................................................... 70
4-2-2 下水污泥灰之化學特性.................................................................... 75
4-3 下水污泥焚化灰之物種型態................................................................ 78
4-4 重金屬總量與TCLP 溶出濃度............................................................ 80
4-5 結語......................................................................................................... 81
第五章 下水污泥灰燒結輕質特性剖析........................................................... 83
5-1 燒結溫度對輕質化之影響剖析............................................................ 83
5-1-1 密度變化............................................................................................. 83
5-1-2 抗壓強度變化..................................................................................... 88
5-1-3 體積變化率........................................................................................ 89
5-2 污泥灰粉體比表面積變化對燒結輕質化之影響................................ 91
5-2-1 不同研磨時間之比表面積變化......................................................... 91
5-2-2 密度變化............................................................................................. 93
5-2-3 吸水特性變化..................................................................................... 96
5-2-4 體積變化率......................................................................................... 99
5-2-5 抗壓強度變化................................................................................... 101
5-2-6 燒結後試體物種型態變化............................................................... 104
5-2-7 試體之微結構變化........................................................................... 108
5-2-8 燒製試體之孔隙率與孔隙分佈....................................................... 115
5-3 結語....................................................................................................... 119
第六章 矽氧晶相調質對燒結輕質化之影響................................................. 122
6-1 污泥灰矽氧晶相含量計算.................................................................. 123
6-2 污泥灰矽氧晶相調質評估.................................................................. 126
6-2-1 密度變化.......................................................................................... 128
6-2-2 吸水率變化....................................................................................... 133
6-2-3 體積變化率....................................................................................... 137
6-2-4 單軸抗壓強度................................................................................... 140
6-3 物種型態變化...................................................................................... 145
6-4 微結構觀察結果.................................................................................. 146
6-5 燒結體界面反應與輕質化分析.......................................................... 147
6-6 結語...................................................................................................... 150
第七章 燒結輕質共同處理焚化飛灰之可行性評估..................................... 152
7-1 配比與主成份特性.............................................................................. 152
7-2 密度變化.............................................................................................. 155
7-3 體積變化.............................................................................................. 155
7-4 燒失量變化.......................................................................................... 158
7-5 抗壓強度變化...................................................................................... 159
7-6 吸水率變化.......................................................................................... 160
7-7 燒結體微結構觀察.............................................................................. 161
7-8 結語....................................................................................................... 163
第八章 結論...................................................................................................... 165
參考文獻............................................................................................................ 170

                                

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