跳到主要內容

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 楊晉昇
Chin-sheng Yang
論文名稱： A Systematic Investigation of the Effects of Donor, Spacer and Acceptor on the Spectroscopic Properties of D-π-A type Dye Sensitizers: A Density Functional Theory Study
指導教授： 蔡惠旭
Hui-hsu Tsai
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 化學學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年： 2013
畢業學年度： 101
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 70
中文關鍵詞： 染料敏化太陽能電池 、電子轉移 、分子設計 、短路電流
相關次數： 點閱：15  下載：0 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 分子吸收光子的過程是染料敏化太陽能電池(DSCs)工作原理的重要步驟之一。因此設計一個具有良好吸光能力的染料分子是目前DSCs研究的重要目標之一。本篇研究以理論計算的方式探討有機染料分子中，donor、spacer以及acceptor對於分子吸光特性以及電子轉移的影響。本篇研究分為兩部分，第一個部分我們計算四個以donor-cyclopentadithiophene unit-acceptor為基礎結構的分子(W-1~W-4)吸附於(TiO2)38上的UV-vis光譜並分析其電子轉移，討論Spacer及Donor對於短路電流(Jsc)的影響，結合實驗與計算的結果，我們由direct injection的量合理的解釋這四個分子Jsc的差異。第二部分我們計算60個以D-π-A為架構的染料分子，包括5種Donor、4種Spacer以及3種Acceptor，我們也同時考慮Spacer不同的共軛長度對染料分子吸光性質與電子轉移性質的影響，我們的計算結果為不同Donor、Spacer、Acceptor對max，震盪強度，電子轉移量，以及在太陽光下分子吸光後的電子轉移的影響提供了詳細的基準，此外，我們也得到一些規則以合理的設計新型染料分子。

    The working principle of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is light-harvesting processes. Therefore, it is desired to design excellent dyes for high-efficiency light absorbance. However, the effects of the dye on the efficiency (η) of the DSC device are complicated and entangled. This study employs computational methods to investigate the effects of donor, spacer, and acceptor on photo-absorption and electron transfer. In the first part, four donor- cyclopentadithiophene unit-acceptor (D-π-A) organic dyes (W-1~W-4) adsorbed on (TiO2)38 are investigated for the effects of conjugated spacer and donor on the short-circuit current (Jsc) and thereafter the  of the corresponding DSCs. We well rationalize the measured Jsc values by the quantity of direct electron injection derived from theoretical calculations and experimental data. In the second part, we investigate 60 “in silico” D-π-A dyes with five types of donor, four types of spacer with various length, and three types of acceptors. We provide a detailed benchmark for the effects of donor, spacer, and acceptor on max, oscillator strength, quantity of electron transfer and quantity of electron transfer under sun light irradiance. Some rules for rational dye design are drawn.

    摘要……………………………………………………………………ii Abstract………………………………………………………………iii 致謝……………………………………………………………………iv Contents………………………………………………………………v List of Figures……………………………………………………vii List of Tables………………………………………………………ix Chapter 1:Introduction……………………………………………1 Chapter 2:Computational Methods…………………………………4 Chapter 3: Molecular Engineering of Cyclopentadithiophene-containing Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Effects of Donor and Spacer on Direct Electron Injection………………………………………………………………7 3-1 Studied Systems…………………………………………8 3-2 Calculated ground state molecular geometry and electron localization of the frontier orbitals……………9 3-3 Calculated UV-Vis spectra of W-series dyes in solution and adsorbed on TiO2. …………………………………………………………………………13 3-4 Calculated UV-Vis spectra of W-series dyes adsorbed on TiO2……………………………………………………16 3-5 Calculated electronic transition upon photoexcitation for dye adsorbed on TiO2. …………………………………………………………………………18 3-6 Summary for W-series molecules 25 Chapter 4: A Systematic Investigation of the Effects of Donor, Spacer and Acceptor on the Spectroscopic Properties of D-π-A type Dye Sensitizers: A Density Functional Theory Study……………………………………………………………………26 4-1 Studied Systems…………………………………………27 4-2 Quality of Calculations………………………………32 4-3 Spacer Effects……………………………………………35 4-4 Donor Effects………………………………………………44 4-5 Acceptor Effects…………………………………………51 Summary and Conclusion……………………………………………56 Reference………………………………………………………………57

    (1) Ardo, S.; Meyer, G. J. Chemical Society reviews 2009, 38, 115.
    (2) Gratzel, M. Accounts of chemical research 2009, 42, 1788.
    (3) De Angelis, F.; Fantacci, S.; Sgamellotti, A. Theoretical Chemistry Accounts 2007, 117, 1093.
    (4) Chen, C. Y.; Wu, S. J.; Wu, C. G.; Chen, J. G.; Ho, K. C. Angewandte Chemie 2006, 45, 5822.
    (5) Mishra, A.; Fischer, M. K.; Bauerle, P. Angewandte Chemie 2009, 48, 2474.
    (6) Kamat, P. V. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2007, 111, 2834.
    (7) Hagfeldt, A.; Boschloo, G.; Sun, L.; Kloo, L.; Pettersson, H. Chem Rev 2010, 110, 6595.
    (8) O'Regan, B.; Gratzel, M. Nature 1991, 353, 737.
    (9) Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Kay, A.; Rodicio, I.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Mueller, E.; Liska, P.; Vlachopoulos, N.; Graetzel, M. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1993, 115, 6382.
    (10) Nazeeruddin, M. K.; De Angelis, F.; Fantacci, S.; Selloni, A.; Viscardi, G.; Liska, P.; Ito, S.; Takeru, B.; Gratzel, M. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005, 127, 16835.
    (11) El-Shafei, A.; Hussain, M.; Atiq, A.; Islam, A.; Han, L. Y. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2012, 22, 24048.
    (12) Hussain, M.; El-Shafei, A.; Islam, A.; Han, L. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 2013, 15, 8401.
    (13) Sauvage, F.; Chen, D.; Comte, P.; Huang, F.; Heiniger, L. P.; Cheng, Y. B.; Caruso, R. A.; Graetzel, M. ACS nano 2010, 4, 4420.
    (14) Yang, C. H.; Chen, H. L.; Chuang, Y. Y.; Wu, C. G.; Chen, C. P.; Liao, S. H.; Wang, T. L. Journal of Power Sources 2009, 188, 627.
    (15) Hardin, B. E.; Snaith, H. J.; McGehee, M. D. Nat Photonics 2012, 6, 162.
    (16) Yella, A.; Lee, H. W.; Tsao, H. N.; Yi, C.; Chandiran, A. K.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Diau, E. W.; Yeh, C. Y.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Gratzel, M. Science 2011, 334, 629.
    (17) Wu, C. G.; Chung, M. F.; Tsai, H. H. G.; Tan, C. J.; Chen, S. C.; Chang, C. H.; Shih, T. W. Chempluschem 2012, 77, 832.
    (18) Dualeh, A.; De Angelis, F.; Fantacci, S.; Moehl, T.; Yi, C.; Kessler, F.; Baranoff, E.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Grätzel, M. J Phys Chem C 2012, 116, 1572.
    (19) Pastore, M.; Mosconi, E.; De Angelis, F.; Gratzel, M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2010, 114, 7205.
    (20) Frisch, M. J. T., G. W.; Schlegel, H. B.; Scuseria, G. E.; Robb, M. A.; Cheeseman, J. R.; Scalmani, G.; Barone, V.; Mennucci, B.; Petersson, G. A.; Nakatsuji, H.; Caricato, M.; Li, X.; Hratchian, H. P.; Izmaylov, A. F.; Bloino, J.; Zheng, G.; Sonnenberg, J. L.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota, K.; Fukuda, R.; Hasegawa, J.; Ishida, M.; Nakajima, T.; Honda, Y.; Kitao, O.; Nakai, H.; Vreven, T.; Montgomery, Jr., J. A.; Peralta, J. E.; Ogliaro, F.; Bearpark, M.; Heyd, J. J.; Brothers, E.; Kudin, K. N.; Staroverov, V. N.; Kobayashi, R.; Normand, J.; Raghavachari, K.; Rendell, A.; Burant, J. C.; Iyengar, S. S.; Tomasi, J.; Cossi, M.; Rega, N.; Millam, N. J.; Klene, M.; Knox, J. E.; Cross, J. B.; Bakken, V.; Adamo, C.; Jaramillo, J.; Gomperts, R.; Stratmann, R. E.; Yazyev, O.; Austin, A. J.; Cammi, R.; Pomelli, C.; Ochterski, J. W.; Martin, R. L.; Morokuma, K.; Zakrzewski, V. G.; Voth, G. A.; Salvador, P.; Dannenberg, J. J.; Dapprich, S.; Daniels, A. D.; Farkas, Ö.; Foresman, J. B.; Ortiz, J. V.; Cioslowski, J.; Fox, D. J.; Gaussian, Inc.: Wallingford CT, 2009.
    (21) Cossi, M.; Rega, N.; Scalmani, G.; Barone, V. Journal of computational chemistry 2003, 24, 669.
    (22) Yanai, T.; Tew, D. P.; Handy, N. C. Chemical Physics Letters 2004, 393, 51.
    (23) Marinado, T.; Hagberg, D. P.; Hedlund, M.; Edvinsson, T.; Johansson, E. M.; Boschloo, G.; Rensmo, H.; Brinck, T.; Sun, L.; Hagfeldt, A. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 2009, 11, 133.
    (24) O'Boyle, N. M.; Tenderholt, A. L.; Langner, K. M. Journal of computational chemistry 2008, 29, 839.
    (25) http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/spectra/am1.5/ASTMG173/ASTMG173.html
    (26) Liang, M.; Chen, J. Chemical Society reviews 2013, 42, 3453.
    (27) Zhu, X.; Tsuji, H.; Yella, A.; Chauvin, A. S.; Gratzel, M.; Nakamura, E. Chemical communications 2013, 49, 582.
    (28) Ning, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Wu, W.; Pei, H.; Liu, B.; Tian, H. The Journal of organic chemistry 2008, 73, 3791.
    (29) Namuangruk, S.; Fukuda, R.; Ehara, M.; Meeprasert, J.; Khanasa, T.; Morada, S.; Kaewin, T.; Jungsuttiwong, S.; Sudyoadsuk, T.; Promarak, V. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2012, 116, 25653.
    (30) Qin, H.; Wenger, S.; Xu, M.; Gao, F.; Jing, X.; Wang, P.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Gratzel, M. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2008, 130, 9202.
    (31) Ito, S.; Miura, H.; Uchida, S.; Takata, M.; Sumioka, K.; Liska, P.; Comte, P.; Pechy, P.; Gratzel, M. Chemical communications 2008, 0, 5194.
    (32) Liu, W. H.; Wu, I. C.; Lai, C. H.; Lai, C. H.; Chou, P. T.; Li, Y. T.; Chen, C. L.; Hsu, Y. Y.; Chi, Y. Chemical communications 2008, 0, 5152.
    (33) Tian, H.; Yang, X.; Chen, R.; Pan, Y.; Li, L.; Hagfeldt, A.; Sun, L. Chemical communications 2007, 3741.
    (34) Chen, S.-L.; Yang, L.-N.; Li, Z.-S. Journal of Power Sources 2013, 223, 86.
    (35) Jungsuttiwong, S.; Yakhanthip, T.; Surakhot, Y.; Khunchalee, J.; Sudyoadsuk, T.; Promarak, V.; Kungwan, N.; Namuangruk, S. Journal of computational chemistry 2012, 33, 1517.
    (36) Dev, P.; Agrawal, S.; English, N. J. The journal of physical chemistry. A 2013, 117, 2114.
    (37) Nishida, J.; Masuko, T.; Cui, Y.; Hara, K.; Shibuya, H.; Ihara, M.; Hosoyama, T.; Goto, R.; Mori, S.; Yamashita, Y. J Phys Chem C 2010, 114, 17920.
    (38) Zhang, C. R.; Liu, L.; Zhe, J. W.; Jin, N. Z.; Yuan, L. H.; Chen, Y. H.; Wei, Z. Q.; Wu, Y. Z.; Liu, Z. J.; Chen, H. S. Journal of molecular modeling 2013, 19, 1553.
    (39) Zhou, H. P.; Xue, P. C.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, X.; Jia, J. H.; Zhang, X. F.; Liu, X. L.; Lu, R. Tetrahedron 2011, 67, 8477.
    (40) Baheti, A.; Tyagi, P.; Thomas, K. R. J.; Hsu, Y. C.; Lin, J. T. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2009, 113, 8541.
    (41) Chow, T. J.; Chang, Y.-C.; C07D409/14;C07D409/04;C07D333/22;C07C255/34 ed.; Academia Sinica: Tw, 2010.
    (42) Chaurasia, S.; Chen, Y. C.; Chou, H. H.; Wen, Y. S.; Lin, J. T. Tetrahedron 2012, 68, 7755.
    (43) Gupta, A.; Armel, V.; Xiang, W.; Fanchini, G.; Watkins, S. E.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Bach, U.; Evans, R. A. Tetrahedron 2013, 69, 3584.
    (44) Mao, J.; He, N.; Ning, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Guo, F.; Chen, L.; Wu, W.; Hua, J.; Tian, H. Angewandte Chemie 2012, 51, 9873.
    (45) Marzari, G.; Durantini, J.; Minudri, D.; Gervaldo, M.; Otero, L.; Fungo, F.; Pozzi, G.; Cavazzini, M.; Orlandi, S.; Quici, S. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2012, 116, 21190.
    (46) Wan, Z. Q.; Jia, C. Y.; Zhou, L. L.; Huo, W. R.; Yao, X. J.; Shi, Y. Dyes Pigments 2012, 95, 41.
    (47) Kitamura, T.; Ikeda, M.; Shigaki, K.; Inoue, T.; Anderson, N. A.; Ai, X.; Lian, T. Q.; Yanagida, S. Chemistry of Materials 2004, 16, 1806.
    (48) Subbaiah, M.; Sekar, R.; Palani, E.; Sambandam, A. Tetrahedron Letters 2013, 54, 3132.
    (49) Chow Tahsin J, C. Y.-C.; C07D333/10 ed.; Academia Sinica: Tw.
    (50) Chen, R. K.; Yang, X. C.; Tian, H. N.; Wang, X. N.; Hagfeldt, A.; Sun, L. C. Chemistry of Materials 2007, 19, 4007.
    (51) Kozma, E.; Concina, I.; Braga, A.; Borgese, L.; Depero, L. E.; Vomiero, A.; Sberveglieri, G.; Catellani, M. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011, 21, 13785.
    (52) Wan, Z.; Jia, C.; Zhou, L.; Huo, W.; Yao, X.; Shi, Y. Dyes and Pigments 2012, 95, 41.
    (53) Marzari, G.; Durantini, J.; Minudri, D.; Gervaldo, M.; Otero, L.; Fungo, F.; Pozzi, G.; Cavazzini, M.; Orlandi, S.; Quici, S. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2012, 116, 21190.
    (54) Wiberg, J.; Marinado, T.; Hagberg, D. P.; Sun, L. C.; Hagfeldt, A.; Albinsson, B. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2009, 113, 3881.
    (55) Das, S.; Jana, A.; Ramanathan, V.; Chakraborty, T.; Ghosh, S.; Das, P. K.; Bharadwaj, P. K. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2006, 691, 2512.

    QR CODE
    :::