為了瞭解台南地區活躍的地表變形以及隨時間的變化，本研究利用永久性散射體差分干涉法（PSInSAR）分析1993年至2000年之52幅ERS衛星影像與2005年至2008年之21幅Envisat衛星影像，探討台南地區的垂直向地表變形。本研究使用StaMPS軟體處理衛星影像，濾除各種雜訊，得到各時間段之衛星視線方向（LOS）平均速度場和時間序列，並推算垂直位移速度。結果顯示台南台地的 1993 年至 2000 年間，抬升與時間高度相關，並且隨台地地形均勻分佈，逐漸累積，相對於TN01 呈現 5-8 mm/yr 抬升，而大灣低地的下陷也是如此，並且比台南台地西側下陷速度較快，約為-10 mm/yr。結果中發現1999年集集地震（Mw=7.6）未在台南地區造成顯著的同震位移，由1999年至2000年間的時間序列也未發現顯著震後效應。但2005年至2008年期間，台南台地的抬升不再均勻，有北端高於南端 5 mm/yr 的現象，而大灣低地由下陷轉為抬升，相對於 TN01 達到10 mm/yr。此現象顯示2001以後台南地區經歷了抬升現象的轉變，為了研究這一現象，本研究對2005年至2008年資料作單點時間序列分析，也比對2001年至2007年的精密水準測量結果，發現大灣低地在2005年中後出現顯著抬升，並且於2006年、2008年各有一次快速抬升。為了探討上述現象與地下泥貫入作用的關係，本研究使用有限對稱源模型作格點搜尋，模擬地表變形並比對PSInSAR觀測值，討論泥貫入體的存在以及可能的形貌，結果顯示彈性半空間的橢球體模型可以模擬2000年以前台南台地的抬升而無法模擬大灣低地的下陷，而2005年以後台南地區的抬升形貌則需以深度較深且橫跨台南台地和大灣低地的平盤狀模型模擬。模型測試的結果顯示台南地區的抬升轉變可能是淺部較小的壓力來源向深部遷移，推測這可能與台南地區地下有具活動性的泥貫入作用有關。過去對台南台地構造提出的構造解釋為逆衝斷層與背衝斷層組成的彈出構造，但未考慮與泥貫入體的關聯性，本研究比對前人所作之物理模型，發現泥貫入體和彈出構造並不衝突，建議台南地區地下構造應同時考慮泥貫入體與彈出構造。

This study used 52 SAR images from ERS during 1993-2000 and 21 SAR images from Envisat during 2005-2008 with PSInSAR method to discover the crustal deformation of Tainan region. The StaMPS method was employed to estimate and remove the influence of errors, then produced Line-Of-Sight mean velocity fields and time series to infer vertical motion of ground. The result shows that, during 1993-2000, the uplift pattern of Tainan tableland is highly correlated with time and topography, about 5-8 mm/yr relative to TN01 benchmark. And the west part of tableland, the Dawan lowland with high subsidence rate about –10mm/yr. From this data set, last 10 images after 1999 Mw=7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake didn’t present significant coseismic or postseismic effects until late 2000. From 2005-2008, the uplift pattern of Tainan region was different form previous, north part of Tainan tableland uplifted with 10 mm/yr which was 5mm/yr higher than the south part. Dawan lowland turned to uplift with 12 mm/yr. This phenomenon indicated that Tainan region experienced a transition of uplift. To understand when the transition began, single point LOS time series analysis was applied and compared to precise leveling measurements. Both measurements revealed the transition of Dawan lowland began from 2005. Furthermore, from LOS time series, 3 rapid uplift events were found at middle 2005, late 2006 and late 2008. To discuss the relationship between deformation and mud diapir, forward modeling with grid searching was utilized to elastic half-space spheroid sources. Before 2000, the topography correlated uplift pattern of Tainan tableland could be modeled by an ellipsoid centered at 3 km depth, but the 2005-2008 uplift pattern required a deeper and wider penny-shaped crack source across Tainan tableland and Dawan lowland. The difference of source model inferred the transition of uplift pattern was related to the migration of pressurized source. The interpretation of the source migration could be the active mud diapirism and based on published physical model results, the pop-up model could form with mud diapirism, this study then suggest active mud diapirism should be considered with current pop-up model.

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