分析1949-2008年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析資料結果顯示，夏季西北太平洋副熱帶高壓(簡稱副高)在西北太平洋地區有顯著的年際變化。將500hPa夏季平均高度場經過Lanczos filter作high-pass filter得到7年以下之訊號，將有明顯年際變化位置之區域(120°E -135°E,15°-30°N)內夏季500hPa高度場距平之區域平均當作副高指標，利用此指標當作副高西伸或東退之依據。將副高指標與副高西伸前一年海溫距平求相關係數發現，副高西伸前一年冬季中東太平洋海溫與副高指標有顯著的之正相關，而在西伸同年春季印度洋海溫與副高指標有顯著的正相關。將各個Nino指標、印度洋海溫偶極指標(DMI)、印度洋海盆增暖指標(40°-105°E,20°S-20°N)內平均海溫與夏季500hPa重力位高度場作延遲部份相關分析之後，發現副高西伸前一年秋季DMI指標無法對隔年夏季副高產生影響；副高西伸前一年冬季至西伸同年春季之Nino指標對夏季副高仍可產生較大的影響；印度洋海盆增暖指標則是在副高西伸同年春季和夏季對夏季副高有較大的影響。
　　除了上述結果，另外考慮了西北太平洋指標(150°E-160°W,10°-26°N)及海洋大陸(90°E-150°E,14°S-4°N)指標，與副高指標作延遲相關分析，發現副高指標與各海溫指標相關係數發生極值的季節不盡相同：西北太平洋指標和海洋大陸指標發生在副高西伸前一年冬季。另外再挑出海溫指標各自發生最大相關性的季節之時間序列與副高西伸之年份相比，發現聖嬰事件、印度洋和海洋大陸增暖事件、西北太平洋冷卻事件都是伴隨西伸副高的重要因子。將非典型聖嬰事件年份作合成分析，發現非典型聖嬰事件衰退期夏季也伴隨副高西伸，顯示非典型聖嬰事件也是重要因子之ㄧ。

　　The interannual variability of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) in summer is examined with the use of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the period of 1949-2008. The most significant change of high-pass filtered(<7years) 500hPa geopotential height field appears at the western edge of WNPSH. We calculate the area mean value of Z500 in JJA within the region(120°-135°E,15°-30°N), of large variability and define its anomaly from the climatological mean as an index for studying the interannual variability of WNPSH. The spatial distributions of lagged correlation coefficients between WNPSH index and SSTA show that in the previous winter D(-1)JF(0), warm SSTA appeared in the eastern Pacific and then in the Indian Ocean in the following spring MAM(0).The spatial distributions of lagged partial correlation coefficients between Z500 in JJA and Nino indices, DMI, basin-wide warming index(40°-105°E,20°S-20°N) show that the DMI is not correlated with WNPSH variability. Nino indices from the previous winter D(-1)JF(0) to MAM(0) are significantly correlated with WNPSH variability. IO basin-wide warming index in MAM(0) is also related to westward movement of WNPSH .
　　We also calculated the lag correlation between additional WNP index (150°E-160°W,10°-26°N), maritime continent index (90°E-150°E,14°S-4°N) and WNPSH index . The results show that WNP index and maritime continent index in the previous winter are correlated with WNPSH index. A further look into most correlated SST indices in their corresponding seasons relative to the WNPSH events, we found that El Nino events, WNP cooling events, maritime continent warming events all contributed to the zonal shift of WNPSH. A composite analysis of non-typical El Nino events reveals that these non-typical El Nino events also accompany WNPSH changes, so they are also important factors for the WNPSH variability.

鐘珮瑄，2007: 夏季西北太平洋副熱帶高壓之年際及年代際變化。國立中央大學
大氣物理研究所博士論文。
Ashok, K., S. K. Behera, S. A. Rao, H. Weng, and T. Yamagata, 2007: El Nin˜o Modoki and its possible teleconnection. Geophy. Res. Let., 112, C11007, doi:10.1029/2006JC003798.
Duchon, C., 1979: Lanczos Filtering in One and Two Dimensions. J. Applied Meteor, 18, 1016-1022.
Huang, N. E., Shen, Z., Long, S. R., Wu, M. C., Shih, H. H., Zheng, Q., Yen, N. C., Tung, C. C. and Liu H. H.,1998:The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Physical and Engineering Sciences London , A , No. 454, pp. 903-995, 1998.
Huang, R. H. and F. Y. Sun, 1992: Impacts of the tropical western Pacific on the East Asian summer monsoon. J. Mereor. Soc. Japan, 76, 619-638.
Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, Y. Zhu, A. Leetmaa, R. Reynolds, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, W.Higgins, J. Janowiak, K. C. Mo, C. Ropelewski, J. Wang, R. Jenne, and D. Joseph, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-472.
Klein, S. A.,B. J. Soden., and N. C. Lau, 1999: Remote Sea Surface Temperature Variations during ENSO: Evidence for a Tropical Atmospheric Bridge. J.Climate ,12,917-932.
Kug, J. S., S. I. An, and F. F. Jin, 2009:Two Types of El Nino Events: Cold Tongue El Nino and Warm Pool El Nino. J.Climate, 22, 1499-1515.
Lu, R., 2001:Interannual Variability of the Summertime North Pacific Subtropical High and its Relation to Atmospheric Convection over Warm Pool. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 79, 771-783.
Lu, R., and D. W, 2001:Westward Extension of North Pacific Subtropical High in Summer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 79, 1229-1241.
Nitta, T., 1987: Convective activities in the tropical western Pacific and their impact on the northern hemisphere summer circulation. J. Mereor. Soc. Japan, 65, 373-389.
Saji, N. H., B. N. Goswami, P. N. Vinayachandran and T. Yamagata, 1999: A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean. Nature 401,360-363.
Smith, T. M., R. W. Reynolds, T. C. Peterson, and J. Lawrimore, 2008: Improvements to NOAA’s Historical Merged Land–Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (1880–2006). J. Climate, 21, 2283-2296.
Wang, B., R. Wu, and X. Fu, 2000:Pacific-East Asian teleconnection: How does ENSO affect East Asian climate? J. Climate., 13, 1517-1536.
Wu, B., and T. J. Zhou, 2008:Oceanic origin of the interannual and interdecadal variability of the summertime western Pacific subtropical high. Geophy. Res. Let., 35, L13701, doi:10.1029/2008GL034584.
－－, T. Li, and T. J. Zhou, 2010: Relative contributions of the Indian Ocean and local SST anomalies to the maintenance of the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone during El Ni?o decaying summer. J. Climate(in the press).
Yang, J. L., Q. Y. Liu, S. P. Xie, Z. Y. Liu, and L. X. Wu, 2007: Impact of the Indian Ocean SSR basin mode on the Asian summer monsoon. Geophy. Res. Let., 34, L02708, doi: 10.1029/2006GL028571.