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研究生: 蔡佩桂
Pei-Kuei Tsai
論文名稱: 唐納•賈德藝術中的曖昧與深度
The Ambiguity and Depth in Donald Judd'' Art
指導教授: 吳方正
Fang-Cheng Wu
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 文學院 - 藝術學研究所
Graduate Institute of Art Studies
畢業學年度: 93
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 164
中文關鍵詞: 幾何性孕含經驗性孕含面相學浮雕曖昧性深度立即性的幻象性的觸覺性的完形梅洛龐蒂低限主義賈德
外文關鍵詞: ambiguity, Judd, Minimalism, Merleau-Ponty, Gestalt, empirical pregnancy, geometrical pregnancy, physiognomy, relief, flesh, depth, immediate, illusive, tactile
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  • Rosalind E. Krauss曾形容唐納 • 賈德(Donald Judd, 1928 ~ 1994)的某些矩形面體「帶有驚人的感官性,幾乎是肉感的」,究竟這些最簡單的幾何面體如何帶來豐富引人的感官刺激?
    Hal Foster將賈德視為低限主義(Minimalism)之代表,且認為低限作品呈現著感知的反身性(reflexivity)。在賈德作品之上是否真的發生感知的反身現象?這究竟是何種狀態?
    梅洛龐蒂(Maurice Merleau-Ponty)的理論作為研究低限主義與賈德作品最常援引的現象學,它可以在賈德作品中揭示出什麼樣的「深度」(depth)?
    筆者經由耙梳賈德作品的立體派脈絡,而將之連結到梅洛龐蒂之焦點轉移的動態完形(Gestalt)、肉的可逆性(reversibility of Flesh),深度之表面的起伏性或浮雕性(relief),幾何性孕含(geometrical pregnancy)與經驗性孕含(“empirical pregnancy”)之融合等概念,揭示出賈德矩形面體之多重面相(physiognomy),找出Krauss所謂「愈是立即、愈有幻象」(more immediate, more illusive)之源由。


    前 言 ……………………………………………………………………………1 簡 介 ……………………………………………………………………………8 第一章 賈德的特定性物體…………………………………………………… 12 第一節 三維性………………………………………………………………… 12 一、 真實空間:反容器性、反「如」實空間……………………………… 12 二、 物體性:部分不分離於整體…………………………………………… 14 1. 三維性之平面性 ……………………………………………………………14 2. 不再是繪畫的繪畫 …………………………………………………………17 第二節 反幻象性 ……………………………………………………………19 一、 反繪畫中的空間性 ………………………………………………………19 1. 繪畫中必然存在「人物-背景」之分 ……………………………………19 2. 繪畫的本質就是幻象 ………………………………………………………21 二、 反雕塑中的擬人性(人的姿態) ………………………………………22 三、 反格林包格的模態幻象 …………………………………………………23 第三節 整體性 / 單一性 ……………………………………………………27 一、 整體性:非構圖性統一 …………………………………………………27 二、 單一性:無結構、一物接著一物 ………………………………………28 第四節 特定性:立即、明晰、強烈之品質 …………………………………33 一、 感知的立即性 ……………………………………………………………34 二、 明晰性與強烈性 …………………………………………………………35 三、 非低限性與形式安排 ……………………………………………………37 第五節 物質性 …………………………………………………………………40 一、 弗立德的物性之批評 ……………………………………………… 40 二、 物質本性 …………………………………………………………………41 三、 物質的情感:沙特的物質精神分析 ……………………………………43 四、 造形的情感 ………………………………………………………………44 第二章 賈德與完形現象 ………………………………………………………48 第一節 賈德與古典完形理論 …………………………………………………48 一、 完形理論的經驗主義傾向 ………………………………………………50 二、 完形理論的唯心主義傾向 ………………………………………………51 1. 唯心主義完形理論 …………………………………………………………51 2. 笛卡爾座標是「形像-基底」的基底 ……………………………………52 3. 弗立德的唯心主義完形傾向 ………………………………………………54 第二節 梅洛龐蒂之現象學完形理論 …………………………………………56 一、 在藝術中引入現象學 ……………………………………………………56 二、 梅洛龐蒂之現象學完形理論 ……………………………………………57 1. 動態的完形 …………………………………………………………………58 2. 完形是等價系統的樞軸、感知場域的「內在邏輯」 ……………………59 3. 完形即孕含(pregnancy)…………………………………………………60 4. 向度性、風格、放射 ………………………………………………………62 5. 完形=身體=肉=開裂=可逆性 …………………………………………64 6. 「不可見」:肉體性的理念 ………………………………………………66 第三節 梅洛龐蒂之觀看立方體 ………………………………………………68 一、非無限的距離、非絕對的鄰近……………………………………………68 二、立方體存在著………………………………………………………………69 三、梅洛龐蒂之觀看立方體……………………………………………………71 1. 立方體的統一即身體的統一 ………………………………………………72 2. 進入立方體,進入肉之中 …………………………………………………73 四、深度的創始性:深度=透視觀=完形……………………………………75 1. 深度是可見的 ……………………………………………………………75 2. 深度是不可見的 ……………………………………………………………77 第四節 賈德的立方體面相學 …………………………………………………79 一、 立方體面面觀 ……………………………………………………………79 二、 弗立德的劇場性批判 ……………………………………………………82 1. 一種觀者與作品的共謀 ……………………………………………………82 2. 同時接近與退後的一段僵持的期間 ………………………………………83 三、 自我取消的時間 …………………………………………………………85 四、 活化立方體:物體的擬人的注視(人進入物體中 ……………………86 第五節 賈德的表面性與深度 …………………………………………………90 一、表面性………………………………………………………………………90 1. 立體派的格子 ………………………………………………………………90 2. 壓縮性的「細節」、體現幻象的面 ………………………………………92 二、形象與基底之可逆性 ……………………………………………………93 1. 浮雕的脈絡 …………………………………………………………………93 2. 形像的基底化 ………………………………………………………………96 3. 基底的形像化 ………………………………………………………………97 4. 美感對象與如實的現成物之可逆 …………………………………………99 5. 定向性空間、身體性空間 ………………………………………………101 第三章 賈德的幾何性孕含與經驗性孕含……………………………………103 第一節 賈德的幾何性孕含……………………………………………………103 一、 符號最初的起源…………………………………………………………103 1. 揭示垂直與水平……………………………………………………………103 2. 完形的基礎是人體與世界的關係…………………………………………107 二、 幾何性孕含………………………………………………………………109 1. 賈德的幾何形式……………………………………………………………109 2. 賈德的幾何性孕含…………………………………………………………111 三、 非無限性的肉的立方體 ………………………………………………113 1. 無限性空間之降下…………………………………………………………113 2. 存在的非無限性立方體……………………………………………………114 3. 準確的空間創造與定位……………………………………………………115 第二節 賈德的經驗性孕含……………………………………………………119 一、浮雕之多義性與觸覺性 …………………………………………………119 二、「反-物質」 ……………………………………………………………124 三、作為「可見」的顏色 ……………………………………………………129 四、立方體的肉:感知的反身性 ……………………………………………134 結論 賈德藝術中的曖昧與深度………………………………………………138 第一節 賈德作品的放射與活化………………………………………………138 一、 分離的部分與不可分的整體之弔詭……………………………………139 二、 部分與整體:滿布………………………………………………………140 三、 強烈聚焦的觀看所活化的時段…………………………………………141 四、 活化的表面與周圍………………………………………………………144 第二節 賈德藝術中的曖昧與深度……………………………………………149 一、 深度與擬象………………………………………………………………149 二、 賈德的「不可見」………………………………………………………151 三、 尾聲 ………………………………………………………………………158 參考書目 ………………………………………………………………………161

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