| 研究生: |
劉志慶 Zh-Qing Liu |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
醋酸戊酯之相轉移催化水解以合成正戊醇之研究 |
| 指導教授: |
王天財
Ten-Tsai Wang |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 化學工程與材料工程學系 Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering |
| 畢業學年度: | 89 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 72 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 水解 、相轉移催化 、醋酸戊酯 、正戊醇 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:16 下載:0 |
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本研究探討初態為:醋酸戊酯/水、NaOH、PTC之相轉移催化水解以合成正戊醇之實驗。在實驗之前先行測定醋酸戊酯在不同氫氧化鈉水溶液中之溶解度得知,在氫氧化鈉水溶液濃度大於5 % (wt%)時,醋酸戊酯之溶解度便降至0.001% (wt%),即幾乎不溶於水。因此可以判定反應發生在有機相。衍導在虛穩定狀態時之總速率方程式得知,影響反應的因素項目包括有:相轉移催化劑陽離子(Q+)之結構、相轉移催化劑之劑量、有機相與水相體積比、氫氧化鈉水溶液之濃度、攪拌速率與溫度等,並經實驗証明與反應速率方程式得相同結果。
在影響反應之因素探討當中,相轉移催化劑的存在是必要的,若無相轉移催劑,反應幾乎不會發生,然而催化劑的劑量大小並不是決定反應快慢的重要因素,提高氫氧化鈉水溶液的濃度反而更可以加速產率達至完全轉化。因為在高濃度之氫氧化鈉水溶液會影響相轉移催化劑之分佈,促使影響反應速率之(QOH)離子對分佈在有機相遠大於在水相、而使得反應快速進行。選擇一組適當反應條件為:醋酸戊酯25ml、水25ml、氫氧化鈉13.9338 g、BzBu3NCl 0.87g、500 rpm、25oC,其反應約1小時即可完全水解成正戊醇。
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