台灣西南海域天然氣水合物賦存區高解析側掃聲納與底質剖面調查與分析

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研究生：	施宗佑 Tsung-Yu Shih
論文名稱：	台灣西南海域天然氣水合物賦存區高解析側掃聲納與底質剖面調查與分析 The study of high-resolution sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler data in gas hydrate-bearing area, off southwest Taiwan
指導教授：	許樹坤 Shu-Kun Hsu
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	地球科學學院 - 地球物理研究所 Graduate Institue of Geophysics
畢業學年度：	98
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	110
中文關鍵詞：	底質剖面、天然氣水合物、側掃聲納
外文關鍵詞：	sub-bottom profiler, sidescan sonar, gas hydrate
相關次數：	點閱：10 下載：0
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台灣西南海域位於增積岩體（accretionary wedge）與南中國海北側大陸邊緣斜向聚合
的區域。增積岩體上有一系列線性排列的褶皺與逆衝斷層地形。大陸邊緣則主要由一系列
張裂盆地上覆厚層沉積物組成。本研究區域座落於增積岩體下部斜坡中的好景海脊（Good
Weather Ridge）北端。根據地物、地化與地熱的研究，西南海域蘊含著豐富的天然氣水合
物(gas hydrate)。此外，全世界至少一半以上的油氣田，在地表面或海床都有油氣的徵兆，
而含有天然氣水合物的區域，也多半可在海床面上找到相關徵兆。因此，本研究利用高解
析側掃聲納(side-scan sonar)與底質剖面儀(sub-bottom profiler)來調查此區海床面以及淺層
地層中天然氣水合物的相關特徵，並進一步與深部構造進行連結，以建立研究區域內天然
氣與天然氣水合物的賦存模型。
我們收集了13 條的底拖側掃聲納與底質剖面資料，其結果顯示研究區域內分布大量
侵蝕構造且形貌上有所不同。根據資料結果我們也將過去震測資料所解釋的幾條逆衝斷層
位置進行修正。此外，在研究區域中我們發現麻坑構造、泥火山、自生碳酸鹽以及聲波透
明帶等天然氣水合物相關的特徵，這些特徵的存在代表研究區域內天然氣供應充足，且有
良好的移棲通道。由於研究區內有大量海底仿擬反射（Bottom Simulating Reflectors）存在，
且溫壓條件適合天然氣水合物形成，因此我們推測位於麻坑構造附近之聲波透明層內，很
可能含有固態的天然氣水合物。綜合所有資料的分析與比對結果，我們建立了研究區域內
天然氣移棲與天然氣水合物賦存的三維模型。

The offshore area of the SW Taiwan is located in the oblique convergence zone between the
northern continental margin of South China Sea and accretionary wedge. In the accretionary
wedge, there are a series of folds and thrust faults. The continental margin consists of a series of
the rifted basin and thick sediments. Our study area is located in the northern Good Weather
Ridge of the lower slope of the wedge. According to the geophysical, geochemical and
geothermal researches off SW Taiwan, abundant gas hydrate may exist. Our main purpose is to
use high-resolution sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler to survey the near seafloor features of
the gas hydrate formation off SW Taiwan.
We have collected 13 deep-towed lines in northern Good Weather Ridge. The results show
that many erosion features are found in study area and their morphology are different. Besides,
we modify some thrust faults location on the basic of our results. We also find pockmarks, mud
volcano, authogenic carbonate and acoustic transparent zones. These features imply that there are
abundant gas and fluid paths in this region. Our study area is suitable for forming gas hydrate in
terms of temperature and pressure condition. These evidences indicate that there is high potential
for preserving gas and gas hydrate in our study area. Therefore, we suggest that the material in
acoustic transparent layers which are near the pockmarks may be gas hydrate. After integrating
all data, we construct a 3D model for the gas migration and gas hydrate-bearing in our study
area.

中文摘要.................................................................................................................................... i
英文摘要...................................................................................................................................ii
誌 謝..................................................................................................................................iii
目 錄.................................................................................................................................. iv
表 目.................................................................................................................................. vi
圖 目.................................................................................................................................vii
第一章 緒論........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 台灣西南海域地體架構......................................................................................... 1
1.2 本文研究區域與前人研究..................................................................................... 1
1.3 研究目的................................................................................................................. 2
第二章 資料收集與處理方法............................................................................................ 7
2.1 底拖側掃聲納......................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 基本原理...................................................................................................... 7
2.1.2 資料成像原理與解析度.............................................................................. 9
2.1.3 資料處理方法............................................................................................ 11
2.2 淺層底質剖面儀................................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 基本原理.................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2 資料處理方法............................................................................................ 17
2.3 多頻道科學漁探儀............................................................................................... 19
2.4 多頻道反射震測................................................................................................... 20
第三章 結果...................................................................................................................... 50
3.1 多頻道漁探儀資料結果....................................................................................... 50
3.2 泥火山................................................................................................................... 51
3.3 麻坑構造............................................................................................................... 52
3.4 聲波透明帶........................................................................................................... 53
3.5 破裂帶................................................................................................................... 55
3.6 侵蝕構造............................................................................................................... 56
第四章 討論...................................................................................................................... 78
4.1 研究結果與區域地體構造的關係....................................................................... 78
v
4.2 天然氣移棲與天然氣水合物賦存模型............................................................... 81
第五章 結論...................................................................................................................... 93
參考文獻................................................................................................................................. 95
附錄A..................................................................................................................................... 97

                                

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