PU是由軟質段與硬質段交替組成的嵌段式共聚物，軟質段造成了PU的柔軟性，而硬質段則因氫鍵鍵結提供了PU的剛性，因此可藉由調整組成達到其多功能性，應用性相當廣泛，而在環保意識下，水性PU(Waterborne Polyurethane,WPU)則利用水取代了傳統PU的揮發性溶劑，大幅降低溶劑的使用。
　　本實驗室在過去探討了許多離子基對WPU結構與物性的影響，所以在離子型水性PU有一系列的研究。但卻沒有討論雙胺鏈延長劑對WPU造成的影響，故本實驗將設計不同線性碳數的雙胺鏈延長劑，去測試對WPU的影響。
測試分析方面，首先利用FTIR觀察WPU的合成特徵峰，確定其WPU有合成成功，且相分離完全；由TGA可得知其裂解溫度，且鏈延長劑長度越短，則裂解速率越快；在DSC方面，發現有T1存在，但由於非極性式PU的硬質段會不規則排列，所以DSC圖譜並未能找出硬質段的T2、T3；DMA測試的結果發現當雙胺鏈延長劑長度增長時，則聚合物強度降低，但是當碳數為8時，聚合物強度反而會提升，且作奇偶性質比較，發現碳數為奇數時，聚合物強度也會降低；拉力機械性質測試則再次印證DMA的結果，並加以說明在碳數8時，可能是因微結構形態的變化造成其機械性質上升。

PU is a soft segment and hard segment block-type copolymer composed of alternating. Soft segments provide polyurethane soft property whereas hard segments offer the stiffness by hydrogen bondings. It can be achieved by adjusting the composition of its multi-function, applied quite widely, and in environmental awareness, the water-based PU (Waterborne Polyurethane, WPU) is using water to replace volatile solvents, dramatically reducing the use of solvents.
The laboratory in the past had discussed the ionic group effect on WPU''s structure and physical properties in a series of studies. But did not discuss the diamine chain extender impact on the WPU, so this experiment will be designed to change different linear diamine chain extender, and then to test the impact of the WPU.
In test analysis, by using FTIR to observation WPU synthetic peaks which can determine the WPU has synthesized successfully, and the phase separation completely. By using TGA to find the degradation temperature. In the DSC test, only could find T1 which produced by the physical aging. Because the hard segment cannot the regular array, therefore could not find T2, T3 and Tg in the DSC test. DMA test results found that when diamine chain extender’s carbon numbers a few more (2-6), the polymer reduces the strength, but when the carbon number is 8, but will enhance the strength of the polymer. The carbon number from 2 to 4 for the chemical stucture of the comparison, which found that the carbon number is 3, the polymer strength will be reduced. In tensile mechanical properties test, it confirms the DMA test results once again, and to illustrate the mechanical properties increased may be due to the microstructure change .

[1] J. Blackwell, et al. “ Structure of polyurethane elastomers: effect of chain extender length on the structure of MDI/diol hard segments ”, Macromol. Sci., 23, 950–956, 1981.
[2] Martijn van der Schuur, et al. “ Polyurethane elastomers with amide chain extenders of uniform length ”, Polym., 47, 1091–1100, 2006.
[3] C. S. Schllenberger, F. D. Stewart, “ Advances in Urethane Science and Technology ”, K. C. Frisch, S. L. Reegen, ed., vol. 1, Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., 1971.
[4] 李俊德，「軟質段分子量及硬質段鏈延長劑對PB-base PU之影響」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，民國83年
[5] M.S. Yen, P.Y. Tsai, “ Study on Polyethylene Glycol/Polydimethylsiloxane Mixing Soft-Segment Waterborne Polyurethane from Different Mixing Processes ”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 90, 233, January 2003.
[6] F. M. B. Coutinho, et al. “ Anionic waterborne polyurethane dispersions based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and poly(propylene glycol): Synthesis and characterization ”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 80, 566, 2001.
[7] F. M. B. Coutinho, et al., “ Degradation profiles of cast films of polyurethane and poly(urethane-urea) aqueous dispersions based on hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene and different diisocyanates ”, Polym.Degradation Stab., 81, 19~27, 2003.
[8] D. Dieterich, “ Aqueous emulsions, dispersions and solutions of polyurethanes; synthesis and properties ”, Prog. Org. Coat., 9, 281~340, 1981.
[9] C. Hepburn, Polyurethane Elastomers, Applied Science Publishers, New York , 1982.
[10] G.. Oertel, Polyurethane Handbook, Hanser, 2nd ed., New York, 1994.
[11] D. J. Hourston, et al. “ Structure–property study of polyurethane anionomers based on various polyols and diisocyanates ”, J.Appl. Polym. Sci., 66, 2035~2044, 1997.
[12] J. W. Rosthauser, K. Nachtkamp, “ Waterborne Polyurethanes ”, Journal of coated Fabrics, 16, 39~79, 1986.
[13] B.K. Kim, J.C. Lee, “ Waterborne polyurethanes and their properties ”, J. Polym. Sci A: Polym. Chem., 34, 1095~1104 , 1996.
[14] S.H. Egboh, “ Unsaturated segmented polyurethanes modified by epoxidation. I. Introduction of ionic groups ”, J. Macromol. Sci. Chem. A, 21, 35~42, 1984.
[15] H.A. Al-Salah, et al. “ Polyurethane cationomers. I. Structure–properties relationships ”, J.Appl. Polym. Sci. A , 26 , 1609~1620, 1988.
[16] U.S. Patent 4190566 , Bayer A.G, 1980.
[17] Y. Chen and Y.L. Chen, “ Aqueous dispersions of polyurethane anionomers: Effects of counteraction ” J.Appl. Polym. Sci., 46, 435~443, 1992.
[18] W.C. Chan and S.A. Chen, “ Polyurethane ionomers: effects of emulsification on properties of hexamethylene diisocyanate-based polyether polyurethane cationomers ”, Polym., 29, 1995~2001 , 1988.
[19] Dieterich D., et al. “ Polyurethane Ionomers, a New Class of Block Polymers ”, Angew Chem. Int. Edn., 9, 40~50, 1970.
[20] R.J.Hunter, “ Zeta Potential in Colloid Science : Principles and applications ” , Academic Press , London, 1985.
[21] Z.S. Petrovic, I. J. Soda-So, “ The effect of soft-segment length and concentration on phase separation in segmented polyurethanes ”, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Edn., 27, 545~560 , 1989.
[22] J.W.C. Van Bogart, et al. “ Structure-property relationships in polycaprolactone-polyurethanes ”, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Edn., 21, 65~95, 1983.
[23] T.A. Speckhard, et al., “ Properties of polyisobutylene polyurethane block copolymers: 2. Macroglycols produced by the ‘inifer’ technique ”, Polym., 26, 55~69, 1985.
[24] C.Z. Yang, et al. “ Morphology and properties of polybutadiene- and polyether-polyurethane zwitterionomers ”, Macromol. Chem., 184, 651~668, 1983.
[25] T.A. Speckhard, et al. “ Properties of segmented polyurethane zwitterionomer elastomers ”, J.Macromol. Sci. Phys., B23, 175, 1984.
[26] I. Yilgor, et al. “ Siloxane-urea segmented copolymers ”, Polym. Bull., 8, 535~542, 1982.
[27] Y. Gamberlin, et al. “ Model hard segments from diphenyl methane diisocyanate and different chain extenders, and corresponding linear block polyurethanes ”, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Edn., 20, 1445~1456, 1982.
[28] Y. Li, et al. “ Multiphase structure of a segmented polyurethane: effects of temperature and annealing ”, Macromol., 25, 7365~7372, 1992.
[29] J. T. Koberstein, A. F. Galambos, “ Multiple melting in segmented polyurethane block copolymers ”, Macromol., 25, 5618~5624, 1992.
[30] T. L. Smith, “ Tensile strength of polyurethane and other elastomeric block copolymers ”, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 12, 1825~1848, 1974.
[31] T. L. Smith, “ Strength of elastorners—a perspective ”, Polym. Eng. Sci, 17, 129~143, 1977.
[32] T. A. Speckhard, S. L. Cooper, “ Ultimate Tensile Properties of Segmented Polyurethane Elastomers: Factors Leading to Reduced Properties for Polyurethanes Based on Nonpolar Soft Segments ”, Rubber Chem. Technol., 59, 405 , 1986.
[33] K. Ono, et al. “ Effects of Number-Average Molecular Weight of Liquid Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene on Physical Properties of the Elastome ”, J. Appl.Polym. Sci., 21, 3323~3235, 1977.
[34] H. Xiao, et al. “ N. Malwitz, Polyurethane–urea anionomer dispersions. ”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 54, 1643~1650, 1994.
[35] C. Z. Yang, et al. “ Carboxylate-containing chain-extended polyurethanes ”, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys., 29, 581~588, 1991.
[36] T.K. Kim and B.K. Kim , “ Preparations and properties of polyurethane aqueous dispersion from uncatalyzed systems of H12MDI, PTAd/bisphenol A polyol, and DMPA ”, Colloid Polym. Sci., 269, 889~894, 1991.
[37] S.Y. Lee, et al. “ Preparation and Properties of Water-borne Polyurethane ”, Polym. International, 42 , 67~76, 1997.
[38] Y.M. Lee , et al. “ Effect of soft segment length on the properties of polyurethane anionomer dispersion ”, Polym., 35, 1095~1099, 1994.
[39] J.W. Rosthaus, K. Nachtkamp, “ Waterborne polyurethanes. ”, Advances in Urethane Science and Technology, 10 ,121~162, 1987.
[40] X. Wei, X. Yu , “ Synthesis and properties of sulfonated polyurethane ionomers with anions in the polyether soft segments ”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci Part B:Polym. Phys., 35, 225~232, 1997.
[41] R.D. Lundberg, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., Supplement Volume, 546, 1984.
[42] R.A. Register , et al. “ Effects of matrix polarity and ambient aging on the morphology of sulfonated polyurethane ionomers ”, Polym. Bull, 22, 565~571, 1989.
[43] T.R. Hesketh , et al. “ Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of morphological changes in segmented elastomers ”, Polym. Eng. and Sci., 20, 190, 1980.
[44] B.K. Kim, T.K. Kim, “ Aqueous dispersion of polyurethanes from H12MDI, PTAd/PPG, and DMPA: Particle size of dispersion and physical properties of emulsion cast films ”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 43, 393~398, 1991.
[45] C.D.Han , Multi-phase flow in polymer processing, Academic Press, N.Y. , 1981.
[46] L.A.Utraki , Polymer alloys and blends, Hans Publishers, N.Y. , 1989.
[47] Z.S. Petrović, Ivan Javni, “ The effect of soft-segment length and concentration on phase separation in segmented polyurethanes ”, Polym. Sci PartB:Polym-Phys, 27, 545~560, 1989.
[48] S.H. Son, et al. “ Effects of carboxyl groups dissociation and dielectric constant on particle size of polyurethane dispersions ”, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng.Aspects, 133, 295~301, 1998.
[49] D.B. Klinedinst ,et al., “ Structure–property behavior of segmented polyurethaneurea copolymers based on an ethylene–butylene soft segment ”, Polym., 46, 10191, 2005.
[50] F.M.B. Coutinho, M.C. Delpech, “ Degradation profile of films cast from aqueous polyurethane dispersions ”, Polym. Degradation Stab., 70, 49~57, 2000.
[51] E. Dyer, R.E. Read, “ Thermal Degradation of O-1-Hexadecyl N-1-Naphthylcarbamates and Related Compounds ”, J. Org. Chem., 26, 4388~4394, 1961.
[52] N. Grassie, M. Zulfiqar, “ Thermal degradation of the polyurethane from 1,4-butanediol and methylene bis(4-phenyl isocyanate) ”, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 16, 1563~1574, 1978.
[53] R.W. Seymour and S.L. Cooper, “ Thermal analysis of polyurethane block polymers ” , Macromol., 6 , 48 , 1973.
[54] J.W.C. Van Bogart , et al. “ Annealing-induced morphological changes in segmented elastomers ”, Polym. , 22 , 1428 , 1981.
[55] 黃世敏，「非極性式水性聚胺基甲酸酯-脲酯之合成、結構與物性」，國立中央大學，博士論文，民國97年
[56] 鄭詔仁，「水性PU之流變性質研究」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，民國89年
[57] 吳嘉祥，「WPU-PANI對氣體吸附性之研究」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，民國97年
[58] 高世濱，「巨大基團對Polyurethane結構與性質的影響」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，民國98年
[59] 謝添壽，「嵌段式PU的結構與性質(II)」，國立中央大學，博士論文，民國87年