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研究生： 蕭永明
Yeong-Ming Shiau
論文名稱： 均勻入滲時坡面地下水流之理論解析
Analytical solutions for groundwater flow on sloping bed with uniform recharge
指導教授： 周憲德
Hsien-Ter Chou]
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
畢業學年度： 90
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 75
中文關鍵詞： 非線性理論解 、地下水 、斜坡 、滲流
外文關鍵詞： sloping bed, groundwater, nonlinear solution, seepage
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    • 摘 要
    早期推求均勻降雨條件下，斜坡上地下水滲流之解析解時，為了解決非線性之問題，常須限制其邊界條件，故只能應用於特殊之案例。本文以Childs之理論為基礎，假設流線平行坡面，並沿斜坡計算勢能梯度，推導過程中利用變數轉換，並結合牛頓-羅弗森之疊代方法，可求得自由水面之座標為水面斜率之參數式。利用此解之特性，可直接求得最大正向水深及其發生位置，結果與前人之實驗結果相當符合。本研究之理論解不僅不受邊界條件之限制，亦可用來求解mixed邊界值問題。
    本研究著重於非線性地下水方程式之理論解析，並將利用所得之理論解，分析入滲強度因子與坡度因子對斜坡上地下水滲流之影響。此外，針對地下水面可能對斜坡造成之破壞，也將透過土石流發生之案例加以討論。

    Abstract
    The major purpose of this study is to obtain a new approximation for seepage flow over a sloping bed. This study is based on Childs’ theory. The streamlines are assumed to be nearly pararell to the sloping bed, and coordinate s pararell to the bed is used to calculate the hydraulic gradient. In the process, variables translation and the Newton-Raphson interation method are applied to obtain the solution of phreatic surface, which is in form of the function of the derivative of free surface, P.
    The maximum water table height hmax and its location smax could be easily obtained, and are well coincident with previous published studies. The solution developed here could not only deal with problems with various upstream and downstream depths, but also could be used to explore mixed boundary value problems.
    The analytical results can be used to evaluate the effects of slope, replenishment, and hydraulic conductivity on the preatic surface. The solution is applied to a case study of a debris flow event.

    目 錄 頁次 中文摘要………………………………………………………… Ⅰ 英文摘要………………………………………………………… Ⅱ 目錄……………………………………………………………… Ⅲ 圖目錄…………………………………………………………… Ⅴ 表目錄…………………………………………………………… VII 符號表…………………………………………………………… VIII 第一章 前言……………………………………………………… 1 1.1 關於地下水滲流之研究…………………………… 1 1.2 研究動機與目的…………………………………… 1 1.3 研究方法…………………………………………… 1 1.4 本文結構…………………………………………… 2 第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………… 3 2.1 傳統之Dupuit地下水理論假設…………………… 4 2.2 Dupuit地下水理論之修正………………………… 4 2.3 斜坡上無降雨情形下地下水面之研究…………… 5 2.4 斜坡上均勻降雨情形下地下水面之研究………… 6 第三章 理論推導.……………………………………………… 12 3.1 地下水問題之描述………………………………… 12 3.1.1 地下水問題之相關參數…………………… 12 3.1.2 本文探討之地下水問題邊界條件………… 12 3.2 地下水控制方程式之推導………………………… 13 3.3 地下水非線性方程式之理論解析………………… 14 3.3.1無因次化方程式之推導………………………14 3.3.2 待疊代之函數推導………………………… 15 3.4 邊界值問題之理論解……………………………… 18 3.4.1 Dirichlet邊界值問題………………………18 3.4.2 Mixed邊界值問題…………………………… 19 3.5 牛頓-羅弗森(Newton-Raphson)疊代法…………… 20 3.6 理論解之應用…………………….…………………22 3.6.1 求解最大水深之位置及其水深…………… 22 3.6.2 求解最高點之位置及其水深……………… 23 第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………… 24 4.1 理論解之驗證……………………………………… 24 4.2 臨界入滲強度 之討論………………………………25 4.3 Dirichlet邊界值問題之結果分析…………………27 4.3.1 參數範圍之設定…………………………… 27 4.3.2 坡度因子之影響…………………………… 28 4.3.3 入滲強度因子之影響……………………… 29 4.3.4 坡長因子之影響…………………………… 30 4.4 Mixed邊界值問題之結果分析……………………………… 31 4.4.1 Mixed邊界值問題之特性…………………… 31 4.4.2 參數範圍之設定…………………………… 32 4.4.3 坡度因子之影響…………………………… 32 4.4.4 入滲強度因子之影響……………………… 33 4.5馬槽橋土石流案例研究……………………………………… 34 4.5.1 案例說明…………………………………… 34 4.5.2 案例分析…………………………………… 35 第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………… 37 5.1 結論………………………………………………………… 37 5.2 建議………………………………………………………… 38 參考文獻………………………………………………………… 39

    參考文獻
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