| 研究生: |
蔡武軒 TSAI WU HSUAN |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
TWSE公司治理評鑑 - 資訊揭露、 公司結構、財務績效與公司特徵之相關性研究 Determinants of TWSE Corporate Governance Evaluation: An Examination of Information Disclosure, Corporate Structure, Financial Performance, and Firm Characteristics |
| 指導教授: |
鄭婷嫻
Cheng Ting Hsien |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 產業經濟研究所在職專班 Executive Master of Industrial Economics |
| 論文出版年: | 2025 |
| 畢業學年度: | 113 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 112 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 公司治理 、TWSE公司治理評鑑 、CSR自我揭露 、守門人失靈 、產業異質性 、治理趨同發展 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | TWSE Corporate Governance Evaluation, Corporate Governance, Self-Disclose, Gatekeeper Failure, Industry Heterogeneity, Governance Convergence Movement |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:29 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
The directors of such [joint-stock] companies, however, being the managers rather of other people’s money than of their own, it cannot well be expected, that they should watch over it with the same anxious vigilance with which the partners in a private copartnery frequently watch over their own. Like the stewards of a rich man, they are apt to consider attention to small matters as not for their master’s honour, and veryeasily give themselves a dispensation from having it. Negligence and profusion, therefore, must always prevail, more or less, in the management of the affairs of such a company.
— Adam Smith (1776)
250 年後的今日,古典經濟學者 Ada Smith 對「公司經營者」的論述,仍精闢地貫穿當今公司治理的核心要素。英國於19世紀頒布二項重大法案,1844年《合股公司法》及1855年《有限責任法》,賦予公司的法律定位,意味著「有限則責任公司」具備法人格得進行股份買賣與對外併購。
1930 年代「Berle–Dodd Debate」論證演變,反應了公司治理的核心問題:公司的目的應該是什麼 ? 公司所有權與經營權如何相互監管? 以及公司利益歸屬權應以何者為優先? 1990 年代以來,隨著經營醜聞軌跡擴展其廣度與深度,公司治理涉及層面可謂多元與結構網絡化。21世紀,各國公司治理呈現趨同發展(Convergence Movement)。大多數證券交易所對於上市公司頒布相關的公司治理準則。在臺灣,金管會公布「2013 強化我國公司治理藍圖」,內容包含對上市櫃公司辦理「公司治理評鑑」,協助外部投資機構法人單位及企業自身瞭解公司治理績效。本文以「公司治理績效」為題,採用實證研究,以「TWSE公司治理評鑑」作為「公司治理績效」的實證替代變數,試圖呈現那些關鍵「治理因子」顯著影響著「公司治理績效」,研究期間為2021年至2023年連續三年。共採用四個子模型:資訊揭露、公司結構、財務績效與公司特徵,嗣再整合成公司治理主模型,兼具時間及產業固定控制進行實證分析。
實證模型發現,「 資訊揭露透明度品質、法人持股比例、專業治理模式下董事會規模、經理人持股比例、短期財務績效(股東權益)、中期財務績效(負債比等)、財報由四大會計事務所簽證、董事兼任總經理、公司規模(資本額) 與上市櫃年齡」治理因子與「公司治理評鑑評比」具顯著性,揭示普遍認可的公司治理理論亦適用在臺灣上市櫃公司;另方面,實證模型更重要的發現一系列「反直覺」顯著性,「 CSR自願性揭露、CSR由四大會計事務所確信、本國金融機構持股比例、總資產成長率、研究發展費、公司營收、短期財務績效(每股盈餘)」因子,這些「反直覺」因子,挑戰了理論預期並可能揭示臺灣市場在公司治理中的獨特或複雜性。
為觀察產業別具有的產業內齊質性與產業外異質性,將「產業」做為控制變數。實證模型發現,治理因子的顯著相關性,產生「顯著消失與相關性轉變」的變異,將此變異區分為穩定與變動屬性。「穩定」治理因子對公司治理評鑑的影響力,不因產業差異仍普遍影響於臺灣上市櫃公司,該因子如表5-3所示:資訊揭露品質、法人持股比例、總資產、董事長兼經理等;另外,「變動」治理因子表示因子效應是基於產業異質性導致,其因子影響力並非普遍存在全產業中,該因子如表5-4所示: CSR四大事務所確信、每股盈餘、董會規模、本國金融機構持股比例等。
臺灣公司治理發展繼《公司治理3.0-永續發展藍圖》後,2023年嗣發布《上市櫃公司永續發展行動方案》,目的在於建構永續揭露準則,使資訊揭露朝透明制度化方向前進。後續對公司治理評鑑主題研究的者,應參酌當前相關機構推動主軸,咺兼具治理績效與經營績效的公司治理架構,進而提升企業於國際市場上的競爭力,方才是政府推動公司治理運動的核心目的。
The directors of such [joint-stock] companies, however, being the managers rather of other people’s money than of their own, it cannot well be expected, that they should watch over it with the same anxious vigilance with which the partners in a private copartnery frequently watch over their own. Like the stewards of a rich man, they are apt to consider attention to small matters as not for their master’s honour, and veryeasily give themselves a dispensation from having it. Negligence and profusion, therefore, must always prevail, more or less, in the management of the affairs of such a company.
— Adam Smith (1776)
Even 250 years later, Adam Smith's discourse on Company Manager continues to penetrate the core elements of corporate governance. In 19th century, British enacted two pivotal statutes: the Joint Stock Companies Act of 1844 and the Limited Liability Act of 1855. These acts granted legal status to companies, establishing “limited liability companies” as legal entities capable of share trading and external mergers and acquisitions.
By the 1930s, “Berle–Dodd Debate”emerged, bringing to the forefront fundamental questions at heart of corporate governance: 1) What should be the purpose of a company? 2) How should corporate ownership and control be regulated? 3) Whose interests should take precedence within the company? In the 21st century, corporate governance has converged globally, leading most stock exchanges to issue guidelines. Taiwan's Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) followed suit with its “2013 Blueprint for Strengthening Corporate Governance,” introducing a Corporate Governance Evaluation for listed and OTC companies.
This paper empirically examines "Corporate Governance Performance” using " Corporate Governance Evaluation” as dummy variable and aims to identify key “corporate governance factors” that significantly impact this performance. The empirical analysis identified several significant factors impacting corporate governance performance:
1. Transparency and Oversight: Quality of Information Disclosure, Financial Reports Audited by Big Four, Chairman Serving as General Manager.
2. Ownership Structure: Institutional Shareholding Ratio, Managerial Shareholding Ratio.
3. Financial Performance: Short-term (Shareholders' Equity), Mid-term (Debt Ratio, etc.).
4. Company Characteristics: Board Size under Professional Governance, Company Size (Capital), Years since Listing/OTC Registration.
More notably, it also uncovered a series of “counter-intuitive” significant factors. These factors challenge theoretical expectations and may highlight unique aspects of the Taiwanese market's corporate governance landscape:
5. Counter-Intuitive : Voluntary CSR Disclosure, CSR Assured by Big Four Accounting Firms, Domestic Financial Institutions' Shareholding Ratio, Total Asset Growth Rate, Company Revenue, Research and Development Expenses, Earnings Per Share - counter-intuitive
Meanwhile, we included “Industry” as a control variable to address intra-industry variations. It revealed that accounting for industry altered the relationships and correlations among governance factors. Factors were classified into:
1. Governance Stable Factors: Information Disclosure Quality, Institutional Shareholding Ratio, Total Assets, and Chairman Also Serving as General Manager.
2. Governance Variable Factors: CSR Assured by Big Four Accounting Firms, Earnings Per Share, Board Size, and Domestic Financial Institutions' Shareholding Ratio.
Following “Corporate Governance 3.0 - Sustainable Development Blueprint,” Taiwan further advanced corporate governance initiatives in 2023 with the release of “Action Plan for Sustainable Development of Listed and OTC Companies.” Primary goal of this plan is to establish sustainable disclosure standards, moving information transparency towards a more formalized system.
Future corporate governance research in Taiwan must consider diverse variables and industry background to build a framework that improves both governance and operational performance, thus enhancing international competitiveness—a key government objective.
一、中文文獻
(一) 專書
葉銀華、李存修與柯承恩(2002),《公司治理與評等系統》,商智文化。
劉承愚(2021),《當文創遇上法律: 公司治理的挑戰》,經典藝術家庭。
賴英照(2008),《賴英照說法:從內線交易到企業社會責任》,聯經。
Coffee, John C. Jr. (著),江朝聖、林建中、洪令家與林育廷(譯) (2017),《專業守門人與公司治理》,新學林。
(二) 期刊
李宜雯(2011),〈資訊揭露:證券市場防腐劑〉,《證券暨期貨月刊》,29卷1期,頁
1-19。
李馨蘋與莊宗憲(2007),〈公司治理機制與公司績效之實證研究〉,《東吳經濟》,
57期,頁1-27。
周振鋒(2017),〈論商業判斷法則於我國法制之適用-以企業併購為中心〉,《東海
大學法學研究》,52期,145-193。
林永順、郭志遠、陳淑娟與范育慈(2008),〈公司治理個案研究-以博達科技為
例〉,《Asia Journal of Management and Himanity Sciences 》,31卷,4期,
頁31-45。
林宛瑩與許崇源(2008),〈台灣集團企業之控股型態及 公司治理衡量指標之研
究與建議〉,《交大管理學報》,28卷 1期,頁 269-312。
林俊傑、劉梧柏與黃華瑋(2018),〈公司治理評鑑與財務績效及公司價值之關聯性
探討:以台灣上市櫃企業公司治理評鑑為例〉,《商略學報》,10卷1期,
頁23- 46。
洪秀菊(1996),〈剖析雷根主義之理論基礎〉,《東吳政治學報》,4期,頁
267-284。.
洪榮華、陳香如與林慧珍(2007),〈公司治理機制對創新、多角化策略及公司績
效之影響-研發密集產業之實證〉,《中山管理評論》,15卷 1期,頁37-60。
洪榮耀與陳正佑(2012),〈上市上櫃公司治理實務守則與公司績效關連性之探究〉
,《商業現代化學刊》,6卷4期,43-62。
洪雪卿 、陳薇如與傅雁鈴(2013), 〈影響企業社會責任績效之重要因素為何?〉,商管科技季刊《商管科技季刊》, 14卷 4期 ,頁 405-441
郭大維 (2018),〈英美公司法制之發展進程:兼論我國近年公司法之修正〉,《國土及公共治理季刊》,6卷1期,頁17-25。
高蘭芬、盧正壽、黃冠智與陳安琳(2012),〈公司治理、 公司績效與投資策略〉,《中山管理評論》,20 卷3期,頁 851-880。
馬秀如與侯宜廷(2007),〈受查者舞弊與審計失敗-力霸案之省思〉,《會計研究月刊》,261期,頁28-47。
涂永清(1991),〈中古歐洲封建制度的理論與實際 〉,《西洋史集刊東吳法律學報》,
3期,頁13-27。
徐志順與林青璇(2023),〈公司治理與企業風險:股權結構與董事會特性之觀點〉
,《全球科技管理與教育期刊》,12卷3期,頁1-28。
俞慧芸、簡詩宏與林昌亮(2011),〈企業重大危機管理的倫理分析:利害關係人理
論之管理意涵〉,《組織與管理》,4卷2期,頁107-144。
莊永丞(2023),〈論我國ESG之揭露法制:從永續報告書揭開 ESG面紗〉,《東吳
法律學報》,35卷2期,頁1-65。
陳俊元(2019),〈由比較法觀點論會計師之責任限制〉,《證券市場發展季刊》,31
卷2期,頁 67-97。
陳振遠、王健聰與洪世偉(2017),〈公司治理對於企業社會責任、公司價值之影響〉,《中山管理評論》,25卷,1期,頁135-176。
陳瑞斌與許崇源 (2007),〈公司治理結構與資訊揭露之關聯性研究〉,《交大管理學報》, 27卷2期, 頁55-109。
陳瑞斌、呂國禎與陳駿瑋(2023),〈公司治理評鑑與權益資金成本之關聯性研究〉, 《會計學報》,9 卷 1 期,頁69-100 。
陳麗娟(2008),〈全球化公司治理法律制度研究:當大陸法遇到英美法:兩岸公司治理的危機與轉機〉,《中原財經法學》,20期,頁1-46。
陳麗娟與顏瑋靚(2014),〈從Parmalat公司弊案論義大利公司治理改革〉,《月旦財經法雜誌》,34卷,103-132
陳慧明 (2002),〈美國基金產業之發展,、影響及政策涵義 兼論對我國共同管理基
金之啟示〉,《中央銀行季刊》,24卷3期,頁 41-72。
陳紫雲與陳伊伶(2012),〈公司治理缺失-剖析Olympus舞弊案件〉,《會計研究
月刊》,316 期,頁87-93。
楊敏華(2003),〈公司治理之研究〉,《法令月刊》,54卷4期,頁386-403 。
楊誌柔(2010),〈美國證管會定規範以期真實揭露公司負債〉,《證券暨期貨月刊》,
28卷10期,頁37-43。
程心瑤(2011),〈公司治理與企業責任報告之揭露〉,《會計評論》,52期,頁35-
76。
葉銀華(2015),〈獨不獨立? 董不懂事? 東芝不當會計事件〉,《會計研究月刊》,
359 期,頁29-32。
葉銀華與邱顯比(1996),〈資本結構、股權結構與公司價值關聯性之實證研究:代
理成本理論〉,《臺大管理叢書》,7卷 2期,頁57-90。
劉家樺(2020),〈學歷和主修領域對薪資的影響: 以「台灣青少年計畫」為例〉,
《經濟論文叢刊》,48 卷 4期,頁611-669。
劉坤億(2003),〈英國柴契爾政府改革背景與理念的探索剖析雷根主義之理論基礎〉,《行政暨政策學報》,36期,頁 81-118。.
廖益興(2010),〈 董事會組成、股權結構與年報資訊揭露水準〉,《臺大管理論
叢》,20卷 2期,頁209-249。
鄭婷嫻(2019),〈公司治理新途徑-論公開發行公司視訊股東會議法制〉,《中原財經法學》,50期,頁163-225。
證券暨期貨市場發展基金會(2012),〈美國:美國證券交易委員會(SEC)加強公
司治理相關規定〉,《國際公司治理發展簡訊》, 51期,載於
https://webline.sfi.org.tw/download/resh_ftp/CG/CG1/cgmsg51-3.pdf
(最後瀏覽日:5/20/2015)。
(三) 學位論文
陳佳妤(2016),《股份有限公司章程研究與模範章程建構》,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文(未出版),臺北。
莊佳蓉 (2024),《家族企業、董事會特徵與公司風險之關聯性》,國立中央大學
產業經濟研究所碩士論文(未出版),桃園。
劉政淮 (2024),《公司治理之價值攸關性研究》,國立臺北大學企業管理系博士
論文(未出版),臺北。
蔡武軒 (2000),《網絡社會與公共組織變遷之研究》,私立東海大學公共行政研
究所碩士論文(未出版),臺中。
(四) 網路資料
TEJ 公司治理評鑑詳細介紹, 載於,https://www.tejwin.com/insight/evaluation-
system( 最後瀏覽日:2025/03/29)。
TEJ 永續報告書揭露現況分析,載於https://www.tejwin.com/news/永續報告書(最後瀏覽日:07/01/2025)。
TWSE公司治理中心網站,公司治理評鑑簡介, 載於https: //cgc.
twse.com.tw/front/evaluationOverview(最後瀏覽日:2025/03/29)。
TWSE公司治理中心網站,第一屆公司治理評鑑系統 評鑑結果暨評鑑程序說明,
載於https://cgc.twse.com.tw/static/20150430/000000004cbafa87014d09dbf8d
b0016_第一屆公司治理評鑑系統- FINAL.pdf (最後瀏覽日: 07/01/2025)。
TWSE公司治理中心網站, 第十屆公司治理評鑑系統 評鑑結果暨評鑑程序說明,
載於https://cgc.twse.com.tw/static/20240430/8a828e178ee0e381018f2deb29f
e0009_112年(第10屆)公司治理評鑑系統評鑑結果暨評鑑程序說明
(FINAL).pdf (最後瀏覽日: 07/1/2025)。
TWSE公司治理中心網站,112 年度公司治理評鑑系統 評鑑結果暨評鑑程序說明,
載於https://cgc.twse.com.tw/static/20240430/8a828e178ee0e381018f2deb29f
e0009_112年(第10屆)公司治理評鑑系統評鑑結果暨評鑑程序說明
(FINAL).pdf(最後瀏覽日:07/01/2025)。
TWSE公司治理中心網站,資訊揭露評鑑系統作業要點,載於https://www.sfi.org.tw/files/906/item4_2.pdf (最後瀏覽日:07/01/2025 )。
TWSE 公司治理中心, 資訊揭露評鑑系統將於104年起整併至公司治理評鑑系統
,載於https://cgc.twse.com.tw/pressReleases/promoteNewsArticleCh/107
(最後瀏覽日:03/15/2025)。()
TWSE 公司治理中心, 第十二屆資訊揭露評鑑系統宣導說明會,載於
https://cgc.twse.com.tw/static/20140907/ff808081484dd7c601484e784ae
9000a_第十二屆資訊揭露評鑑系統宣導說明會簡報資料.pdf(最後瀏覽日:
07/01/2025)。
TWSE 公司治理中心, 113年度公司治理評鑑指標,載於
https://cgc.twse.com.tw/evaluationCorp/listCh (最後瀏覽日:2025/03/29)。
TWSE 公司治理中心,公司治理評鑑簡介, 載於https://cgc.twse.com.tw
/front/evaluationOverview(最後瀏覽日:03/27/2024 )。
陳美菊(2003), 美國公司治理與上市公司之管理,載於
https://report.ndc.gov.tw/ReportFront/PageSystem/reportFileDownload/C
09202156/001(最後瀏覽日:05/20/2025)。
貨幣金融知識專區, 金融監督管理委員會,規範及指引,載於https://esg.fsc.gov.tw
/SinglePage/Criterion/Company(最後瀏覽日:04/10/2025 )。
臺灣證券交易所,上市上櫃公司治理實務守則,載於https://twse- regulation. twse.
com.tw/m/LawContent.aspx?FID=FL020553(最後瀏覽日:07/01/2025)。
臺灣證券交易所法規分享知識庫,臺灣證券交易所股份有限公司上市公司產業類
別劃分暨調整要點(112.12.05),載於https://twse-regulation.twse.com.tw/m/
LawContent.aspx?FID=FL007104(最後瀏覽日:2025/03/28)。
二、英文文獻
(一) 專書
ALTMAN I. EDWARD, AND HOTCHKISS EDITH, CORPORATE FINANCIAL DISTRESS AND BANKRUPTCY, (NEW YORK , JOHN WILEY & SONS 1993) .
BELCHER ALICE, DIRECTORS’ DECISIONS AND THE LAW, (ROUTLEDGE UK 2014).
EVAN M. WILLIAM AND FREEMAN R.EDWARD , A STAKHOLDER THEORY OF THE MODERN CORPORATION, KANTIAN CAPITALISM. IN TOM L. BEAUCHAMP AND NORMAN E.BOWIE(ED.), ETHICAL THEORY IN BUSINESS, (ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS, NJ: PRENTICE HALL1983)
GELTER MARTIN, COMPARATIVE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE : OLD AND NEW , BARNALI CHOUDHURY AND MARTIN PETRIN(ED), UNDERSTANDING THE CMOPANY CROPORATE GOVERNANCE AND THEORY, (CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017).
TRICKER BOB, THE EVOLUTION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, (CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2020).
(二) 期刊
Akerlof George A., The Market for Lemons:Quality Uncertainty and The Market Mechanism, 84 Q.J.ECON., 488 (1970).
Aguilera Ruth V.and Jackson Gregory, Comparative and International Corporate Governance, 4 ACAD. MANAG. ANN.,485(2010).
Alcantara, Cynthia Hewitt de , Use and Abuses of The Concept of Governance, 50 Int. Soc. Sci. J., 105(1998).
Barnhart W.Scott and Rosenstein Stuart, Board Composition, Managerial Ownership Firm Performance: Empirical Analysis, 33 FINANC. REV., 1 (1998).
Bernard F.Cataldo, Limited Liability with One-man Companies and Subsidiary Corporations Law and Contemporary Problems, 18 LAW & CONTEMP. PROBS., 473 (1953).
Bob Jessop,The Rise of Governance and Risk of Failures:The Case of Economic Development, 115 Int. Soc.Sci.J., 29(1998).
Bolton Patrick, Scheinkman José and Wei Xiong, Pay for Short-Term Performance: Executive Compensation in Speculative Markets, 30 J. Corp. L., 721(2005).
Bratton W. William and Wachter L. Michael , Shareholder Primacy's Corporatist Origins: Adolf Berle and 'The Modern Corporation, 34 J. CORP. LAW, 100(2008).
Coffee Jr., John C., Shareholders Versus Managers: The Strain in the Corporate Web. 85
MICH. L. REV., 1(1986).
Cools, Sofie , The Real Difference in Corporate Law Between The United States and
Continental Europe: Distribution of Powers, 30 DEL. J. CORP. L. 697(2005).
Crête, Raymonde, Volkswagen Scandal from the Viewpoint of Corporate Governance, 7 EUR. J. RISK REGUL., 25 (2016)
David Schoorman, F.,Davis, ames H.and Donaldson, Lex. Toward A Stewardship Theory of Management, 22 ACAD. MANAG. REV., 20 (1997).
Defond Mark L., Hann Rebecca N. and Hu Xuesong , Does the Market Value Financial Expertise on Audit Committees of Boards of Directors?, 43 J. ACCOUNT. RES., 153 (2005).
Elizabeth Boros, VIRTUAL SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS, 28 DUKE L. & TECH. REV. 265,(2004).
Gordon, N. Jeffrey. The Rise of Independent Directors in the United States, 1950-2005: of Shareholder Value and Stock Market Prices, 59 STAN. L. REV., 1466, (2007).
Donaldson L.ex, and Davis, James. H., Stewardship Theory or Agency Theory : CEO
Governance and Shareholder Returns, 16 AUST. J. MANAG., 49 (1991).
Fama Eugene F. and Jensen Michael C., Separation of Ownership and Control, 26 J. L. &
Econ.,301(1983).
Fama Eugene F., Efficient Capital Markets: II, 46 J. Finance ,1575(1991).
Fan, Joseph P. H. and Wong,T. ,Do External Auditors Perform a Corporate Governance Role in EmergingMarkets?, 43 J. ACCOUNT. RES., 35(2005).
Healy Paul M. and Palepu Krishna G., Information Asymmetry, Corporate Disclosure and The Capitalmarket: A Review of The Empirical Disclosure Literature, 31 L.ACCOUNT.ECON., 405(2001).
Höpner Martin, Corporate Governance Reform and the German Party Paradox, 39 COMP. POLIT., 401(2007).
Jensen , C Michael and Meckling H. William H., Theory of The Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. 3 J. FINANCE. ECON., 305(1976)‧
Jensen C. Michael, Takeovers: Their Causes and Consequences, 2 J. ECON. PERSPECT., 21
(1988).
Jensen C.Michae,The Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, and the Failure of Internal Control Systems, 48 J. FINANCE ,831(1993).
Jensen C. Michael, Self-Interest,Altruism, Incentives and Agency Theory. 7 J. APPL. CORP. FINANCE, 40 (1994).
Lemmon L. Micjhael and Lins, Karl V., Ownership Structure, Corporate Governance, and Firm Value: Evidence from the East Asian Financial Crisis, 58 J. FINANCE, 1445(2003).
Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review. 14 ACAD. MANAG.
REV., 57(1989).
McConnell J. John and Servaes, Additional Evidence on Equity Ownership and Corporate Value, 27 J. Financ. Econ., 595 (1990).
Mitchell Ronald K., Agle, Bradley R., and Wood, Donna J. Toward a Theory of Stakeholder
Identification and Salience: Defining the Principle of who and what Really counts,
22 ACAD. MANAG. REV., 853(1997).
Rock Edward B., Adapting to The New Shareholder-Centric Reality,161 U. PA. L. REV., 1909 (2013).
Pound Johh, Proxy Contests and The Efficiency of Shareholder Oversight, 20 J. FINANC.
ECON., 237(1998).
Poitras Geoffrey and Willeboordse Frederick, The Societas Publicanorum and Corporate
Personality in Roman Private Law, 63 BUS. HIST. ,1055 (2021).
Pryor John H., The Origins of the Commenda Contract, 52 SPECLUM,5,(1977).
Roland H. Coase, The Nature of The Firm, 4 ECONOMICA, 386(1937).
Stout A. Lynn t, Why we Should stop teaching Dodge v. Ford, 3 VA. L. & BUS. REV.,164
(2008).
Stoker Gerry, Governance As Theory: Five Propositions, 115 INT. SOC.SCI.J.17(1998).
Thomas Donaldson and Lee E. Preston , The Ttakeholder Theory of the Corporation:
Concepts, Evidence, and Implications.20 Acad. Manag. Rev., 65 (1995).
Wells Harwell, The Modernation of Corporation Law , 1920-1940 , 11 U. PA. J. BUS. L.,
573(2009).
Williamson Oliver E.,The Logic of Economic Organization. 4 J. L. ECON. & ORG., 65(1988).
(三) Working Paper
Belenzony Sharon, Lee Honggi and Pataccon Andrea, Towards a Legal Theory of The Firm:
The Effect of Group Liability on Asset Partitioning, Decentralization and Corporate
Group Growth, 24720 Working Paper National Bureau of Economic Research, 1
(2018).
Berger-Walliser Gerlinde, American Capitalism, 23 University of Connecticut School of Business Research Paper, 1 (2023).
Jackson Gregory , Understanding Corporate Governance in The United States: An Historical and Theoretical Reassessment, 23 Arbeitspapier,Provided in Cooperation with: The Hans Böckler Foundation ,1 (2010).
OECD (2000), Partnership in governance: common responses to the Challenges of Globalization , OECD.
OECD (2023), G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2023, OECD.
(四) 網路資料
HopgoodGanim (2015), Will Your Corporate Governance Reporting Be up to
Scratch This Year?, https://www.mondaq.com/australia/corporate-
governance/410696/will-your-corporate-governance-reporting-be-up-to-
scratch-this-year ((last visited: 07/15/2025).