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研究生: 齊志仁
Chin-Jen Chi
論文名稱: 隨機需求下長途客運排程暨班次表設計規劃模式之研究
指導教授: 顏上堯
Shang-Yao Yan
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
畢業學年度: 91
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 107
中文關鍵詞: 城際客運車隊排程班次表隨機需求多重貨物網路流動問題模擬
外文關鍵詞: Fleet routing, Timetable, Multiple, Stochastic demand, Inter-city bus
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  • 車隊排程與班次表的建立對城際客運業者的營運成本、利潤、服務品質及市
    場競爭力有相當大的影響。隨著經營規模的成長與營運效率的要求,近來有學者
    基於城際客運業者立場,發展最佳化的排程規畫模式,以改善傳統的人工經驗排
    班方式。然過去學者在此方面之研究,大多基於預測之平均需求值,進行車隊排
    程與班次表建立,忽略了實務營運上,每日的旅客需求的隨機變動特性。此等隨
    機性需求對規劃的最佳化排程與班次表可能產生相當的影響,若隨機性過大,對
    真正的營運需求而言,甚至可能造成原規劃的最佳化排程與班次表,失去其最佳
    性。因此,本研究從城際客運業者的立場,考量日常營運之隨機需求變動及實務
    的營運限制,並以業者最大營運利潤為目標,構建一確定性及一隨機性需求之車
    隊排程暨班次表規劃模式。本研究模式期能於未來實務的應用上,提供為有效的
    工具,以期幫助長途客運業者規劃最佳的車隊排程與班次表。
    本研究利用網路流動技巧構建確定性需求排程模式,此模式將含有多個人流
    時空網路與車流時空網路,以定式旅客與車輛在時空中的流動情況。此確定性需
    求排程模式可定式為一多重貨物網路流動問題,屬NP-hard 問題。本研究進一步
    修正確定性需求模式中之固定需求值為隨機需求值,建立以模擬為基礎之隨機性
    需求車隊排程模式,並利用路段及路徑兩觀點發展路段基礎與路徑基礎兩種策略
    之啟發解法。本研究利用數學規劃軟體配合電腦程式求解兩種需求排程模式。為
    比較確定性與隨機性需求模式及解法,在隨機營運環境中的績效優劣,本研究發
    展一模擬評估方法。最後,為測試本研究模式、解法與評估方法的實務營運績效,
    本研究以國內一城際客運公司的營運資料為例,並以C 語言程式結合數學規劃
    軟體進行實例分析,進而提出研究結論與建議。


    Vehicle fleet routing and timetable setting are essential to inter-city bus carriers’
    operating cost, profit, level of service and competitive capability in the market. With
    the growing scales of carriers and the increasing requests of operation efficiency, an
    optimal scheduling model was recently developed to improve the traditionally manual
    way in fleeting routing and timetable setting. However, the model was established
    based on an average passenger demand as input to produce the final timetable and
    fleet routes, neglecting the stochastic characteristics of daily passenger demands in
    actual operations, which could affect the optimal fleet routes and timetables. If the
    demand is wildly changed in daily operations, then the original schedule could be
    disturbed to lose its optimality. In the past, the effect of the stochastic disturbance
    on the optimally planned schedule was rarely researched in either practices or
    academics. Considering the stochastic characteristics of daily passenger demands in
    actual operations, in this research, on the basis of the carrier’s perspective, we
    developed a deterministic-demand and a stochastic-demand scheduling models, with
    the objective of maximizing the carrier profit, subject to the real operating constraints.
    The models are expected to be useful planning tools for inter-city bus carriers to solve
    their optimal vehicle fleet routes and timetables in their short-term operations.
    We employed network flow techniques to construct the deterministic-demand
    scheduling model, which included multiple passenger-flow and fleet-flow time-space
    networks in order to formulate the flows of passengers and vehicle fleet in the
    dimensions of time and space. The deterministic-demand scheduling model was
    formulated as a multiple commodity network flow problem that is characterized as an
    NP-hard problem. We further established the stochastic-demand scheduling model
    by modifying the fixed demand parameters in the deterministic-demand scheduling
    model. Furthermore, we developed a simulation-based heuristic with link-based and
    path-based algorithms to solve the stochastic-demand scheduling model. We
    employed a mathematical programming solver, coupled with computer programs, to
    solve the deterministic-demand scheduling model. To compare the performance of
    the two models and the solution methods under stochastic demands in actual
    operations, we developed a simulation-based evaluation method. Finally, to evaluate
    the models, the solution methods and the evaluation method in practice, we performed
    a case study using real operating data from a major Taiwan inter-city bus carrier, with
    the assistance of C computer programs and a mathematical programming solver.
    Then show the conclusions and suggestions.

    第一章緒論.............................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景與動機.................................................................................................1 1.2 研究目的與範圍.................................................................................................2 1.3 研究方法與流程.................................................................................................3 第二章文獻回顧....................................................................................4 2.1 排程排班的設計規劃.........................................................................................4 2.1.1 都市公車排程排班設計.............................................................................4 2.1.2 城際客運排程排班設計.............................................................................7 2.2 營運擾動之相關研究.........................................................................................8 2.2.1 即時性擾動處理相關研究.........................................................................9 2.2.2 規劃性擾動處理相關研究.......................................................................10 2.3 結語…...............................................................................................................11 第三章模式構建與求解演算法設計..................................................12 3.1 確定性需求排程模式與求解方法...................................................................12 3.1.1 確定性需求排程模式假設.......................................................................12 3.1.2 時空網路...................................................................................................14 3.1.3 數學定式...................................................................................................19 3.2 隨機性需求排程模式與求解方法...................................................................20 3.2.1 隨機性需求排程模式...............................................................................21 3.2.2 隨機性需求排程模式求解.......................................................................22 3.3 模擬評估方法...................................................................................................30 3.4 結語…...............................................................................................................32 第四章實例測試..................................................................................33 4.1 客運業者營運資料分析...................................................................................33 4.1.1 場站及路線資料.......................................................................................34 4.1.2 車種及數量資料.......................................................................................35 4.1.3 起迄旅客需求量資料...............................................................................36 4.1.4 成本資料...................................................................................................40 4.1.5 票價資料...................................................................................................40 4.1.6 場站間行駛時間資料...............................................................................41 4.1.7 各營運路線之車輛規劃容量...................................................................41 4.2 模式發展...........................................................................................................42 4.2.1 模式規模...................................................................................................42 4.2.2 模式輸入資料...........................................................................................42 4.3 電腦演算環境及設定.......................................................................................43 4.3.1 電腦演算環境...........................................................................................43 4.3.2 相關程式設定...........................................................................................44 4.3.3 模式輸出資料...........................................................................................45 4.4 測試結果與分析...............................................................................................45 4.4.1 確定性需求模式測試結果.......................................................................46 4.4.2 隨機性需求模式測試結果.......................................................................47 4.4.3 結果比較分析...........................................................................................52 4.5 模式與演算法參數分析...................................................................................53 4.5.1 路段基礎啟發解法參數分析...................................................................54 4.5.2 路徑基礎啟發解法參數分析...................................................................59 4.6 模式延伸...........................................................................................................60 4.6.1 隨機分配模式...........................................................................................61 4.6.2 多目標模式應用.......................................................................................61 第五章結論與建議..............................................................................65 5.1 結論……………...............................................................................................65 5.2 建議…...............................................................................................................67 5.3 貢獻…...............................................................................................................69 參考文獻...................................................................................................70 附錄...........................................................................................................75 附錄一CPLEX Callable Library Code.............................................................75 附錄二模式參數設計與各需求規模之求解結果..........................................76 附錄三模式參數設計與各需求規模之結果比較..........................................91 附錄四模式延伸之測試及比較結果..............................................................99

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