負折射研究在2003年被科學（Science）雜誌選為十大科技成果之一，而光子晶體是能達成負折射現象的其中一個方法。本論文從光子晶體的基本理論談起，並應用用時域有限差分法（FDTD）於光子晶體發生負折射的頻段，驗證光子晶體的負折射理論。文中比較了理論預測與FDTD模擬結果在幾個情況下的差異性。我們首先改變光子晶體表面，並觀察其對負折射的影響。之後我們探討在負折射的情況下，能流在光子晶體內流動的空間分布特性，以及其與介電質柱之關係。而我們也利用此特性重新解釋了在三角晶格光子晶體中，當電磁波沿 方向入射時，其負折射的異常現象。

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