研究調查指出工作不安全感和工作價值觀對於員工工作滿意度的影響，在目前經濟景氣低落的職場中，員工常為了保有工作而勉強自己在身體不適的狀況下繼續上班工作，此假性出席的現象值得組織或企業關注與討論。
本研究以問卷調查的方式，蒐集在職員工對於自我的工作不安全感、工作價值觀、假性出席與工作滿意度之間的意見。
資料分析後，研究結果顯示工作不安全感和工作滿意度、工作價值觀及假性出席三者有負向的關係；工作價值觀和工作滿意度兩者有正向的關係。此外，工作滿意度和假性出席具有正向關係。本研究依據研究結果進行討論，並提出管理意涵與未來研究上之建議。

This study aims to investigate the relationship among employees’ job insecurity, work value, job satisfaction, and presenteeism. It is found that employees’ job insecurity is negative related to job satisfaction, work value, and presenteeism. Work value is found to be positively related to job satisfaction. In addition, job satisfaction is positively related to presenteeism. Managerial implications and recommendations for future research are thus discussed.

參考文獻
一、中文文獻
王克先（1995）。學習心理學。臺北：桂冠。

吳鐵雄（1996）。工作價值觀量表之編製研究。行政院青年輔導委員會委託研究報告。

二、英文文獻
Adams, J.S. (1963). Toward an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 422-436.

Arnold, H.J. & Feldman, D.C. (1982). A multivariate analysis of the determinants of job turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(3), 350-360.

Aronsson, G. & Gustafsson, K. (2005). Sickness presenteeism: Prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47(9), 958-966.

Ashford, S.J., Lee, C. & Bobko, P. (1989). Content, cause, and consequences of job insecurity: A theory-based measure and substantive test. Academy of Management ,Journal, 32(4), 803-829.

Bocu, S.S. (1995). Job insecurity in a downsizing all-volunteer army (United States Army, Military). Ph. D. The Catholic University of America, (0043), 1-128.

Borg, I. & Elizur, D. (1992). Job insecurity: Correlates, moderators and measurement. International Journal of Manpower, 13(2), 13-26.

Brown, D. (2002). The role of work and cultural values in occupational choice, satisfaction and success: A theoretical statement. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(1), 48-56.

Chirumbolo, A. & Hellgren, J. (2003). Individual and organizational consequences of job insecurity: A European study. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 24(2), 217-240.

Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P.M., Bakker, A.B., Schaufeli, W.B., & Hox, J. (2009). Present but sick: A three-wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout. Career Development International, 14(1), 50-68.

Domenighetti, G., Avanzo, B.D. & Bisig, B. (2000). Health effects of job insecurity among employees in the Swiss general population. International Journal of Health Services, 30(3), 477-490.

Dose, J.J. (1997). Work value: An integrative framework and illustrative application to organizational socialization. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 214-240.

Ducharme, L.J. & Martin, K.J. (2000). Unrewarding work, coworker support, and job satisfaction a test of the buffering hypothesis. Work and Occupations, 27(2), 223-243.

Elizur, D. (1984). Facets of work values: A structural analysis of work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(3), 379-389.

Ginzberg, E., Ginsburg, S. W., Axelrad, S. & Herma, J.L. (1951). Occupational Choice: An Approach to General Theory. New York: Columbia University Press.

Gomez-Mejia, L.R. (1981). Development and Empirical Testing of a Need Deprivation and Social Processing of Information Model of Work Values. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Greenhalgh, L., & Rosenblatt, Z.(1984). Job insecurity: Toward conceptual clarity. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 438-448.

Grinyer, A. & Singleton, V. (2000). Sickness absence as risk-taking behavior: A study of organizational and cultural factors in the public sector, Health, Risk & Society, (2), 7-21.

Hartley, J., Jacobson, D., Klanddermans, B., Van Vuuren, T., Greenhalgh, L., & Sutton, R. (1991). Job insecurity: Coping with Jobs at Risk. SAGE Publications Ltd., London.

Heaney, C.A., Israel, B.A., & House, J.S. (1994). Chronic job insecurity among automobile workers: Effects on job satisfaction and health. Social Science & Medicine, 38(10), 1431-1437.

Hellgren, J., Sverke, M., & Isaksson, K. (1999). A two-dimensional approach to job insecurity: Consequences for employee attitudes and well-being. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 179-195.

Hemp, P. (2004). Presenteeism: At work-but out of it. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 49-58.

Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. & Snyderman, B.B. (1959). The Motivation to Work. New York: John Wiley.

Hoppock, R. (1935). Job Satisfaction. New York: Harper and Row.

Johansen, V., Aronsson, G., & Marklund, S. (2014). Positive and negative reasons for sickness presenteeism in Norway and Sweden: A cross-sectional survey. BMJ open, 4(2), e004123.

Kalleberg, A.L. (1997).Work values and job rewards: a theory of job satisfaction. American Sociological Review, (42), 124-143.

Kazanas, H.C. (1978). Relationship of job satisfaction and productivity to work values of vocational education graduates. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 12(2), 155-164.

Kim, W.B. (2003). Economic crisis, downsizing and layoff survivor's syndrome. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 33(4), 449-464.

Korman, A.K. (1971). Organizational achievement, aggression and creativity: Some suggestions toward an integrated theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 6(5), 593-613.

Lambert, E.G., Hogan, N.L., & Barton, S.M. (2001). The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: A test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers. The Social Science Journal, 38(2), 233-250.

Locke, E.A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(4), 309-336.
Lyons, S.T., Duxbury, L.E., & Higgins, C.A. (2006). A comparison of the values and commitment of private sector, public sector, and parapublic sector employees. Public Administration Review, 66(4), 605-618.

Maslow, A.H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.

McCartney, S. (2000). Airlines’ reputations hinge on the basics, study shows-dependability, low fares, and financial stability are key in travelers’ minds, Wall Street Journal, (34).

McKevitt, C., Morgan, M., Dundas, D., & Holland, W.W. (1998). Sickness absence and working through illness: A comparison of two professional groups, Journal of Public Health Medicine, 19, 295-300.

Meglino, B.M., Ravlin, E.C., & Adkins, C.L. (1989). A work values approach to corporate culture: A field test of the value congruence process and its relationship to individual outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(3), 424-432.

Mobley, W., Griffeth, R., Hand, H., & Meglino, B. (1979). Review and conceptual analysis of the employee turnover process. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 493–522.

Näswall, K., Sverke, M., & Hellgren, J. (2005). The moderating role of personality characteristics on the relationship between job insecurity and strain. Work & Stress, 19(1), 37-49.

Nebeker, D., Busso, L., Werenfels, P.D., Diallo, H., Czekajewski, A., & Ferdman, B. (2001). Airline station performance as a function of employee satisfaction. Journal of Quality Management, 6(1), 29-45.

Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Craig, R.L. & Lester, R.B. (1967). Training and Development Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Pearce, J.L. & Porter, L.W. (1986). Employee responses to formal performance appraisal
feedback. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(2), 211-218.

Pfeffer, J. & Veiga, J.F. (1999). Putting people first for organizational success. Academy of Management Executive, 13(2), 41-43.

Price, J. & Mueller, C. (1986). Absenteeism and Turnover among Hospital Employees. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Reisel, W.D., Probst, T.M., Chia, S.L., Maloles, C.M., & König, C.J. (2010). The effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, deviant behavior, and negative emotions of employees. International Studies of Management & Organization, 40(1), 74-91.

Robbins, S.P. (1991). Organizational Behavior: Concept, Controversies, and Applications. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Roe, R. (2003), Gezondheid en prestaties (Health and performance), in Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker, A.B. and De Jonge, J. (Eds), De Psychologie van Arbeid en Gezondheid (Psychology of Work and Health), Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum, Houten/Mechelen, pp. 375‐388.

Rosenblatt, Z., Talmud, I., & Ruvio, A. (1999). A gender-based framework of the experience of job insecurity and its effects on work attitudes. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 197-217.

Roskies, E. & Louis‐Guerin, C. (1990). Job insecurity in managers: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(5), 345-359.

Ros, M., Schwartz, S.H., & Surkiss, S. (1999). Basic individual values, work values, and the meaning of work. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48 (1), 9-71.

Saal, F.E. & Knight, P.A. (1988). Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Science and Practice. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.

Smith, P.C., Kendall, L.M., & Hulin, C.L. (1969). The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement: A Strategy for the Study of Attitudes. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.

Super, D.E. (1970). Manual for the Work Values Inventory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Sverke, M., Hellgren, J., & Näswall, K. (2002). No security: A meta-analysis and review of job insecurity and its consequences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3), 242-264.

Vroom, V.H. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Wernimont, P.F. (1972). A systems view of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56(2), 173-176.

Widera, E., Chang, A., & Chen, H. L. (2010). Presenteeism: A public health hazard. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25(11), 1244-1247.

Williams, L. & Hazer, J. (1986). Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment in turnover models: A re-analysis using latent variable structural equation models. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 219–231.

Witte, H.D. (1999). Job insecurity and psychological well-being: Review of the literature and exploration of some unresolved issues. European Journal of work and Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 155-177.

Wollack, S., Goodale, J.G., Wijting, J.P., & Smith, P.C. (1971). Development of the survey of work values. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(4), 331-338.