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研究生: 黎清光
Ching Kuang Li
論文名稱: 中小型煙管鍋爐增設省油器改善燃燒效率及節能減碳評估
指導教授: 李崇德
Chung Te Lee
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 環境工程研究所在職專班
Executive Master of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 87
中文關鍵詞: 煙管鍋爐省油器鍋爐熱效率節能減碳
外文關鍵詞: Smoke tube boiler, Fuel economizer, Boiler thermal efficiency, Energy saving and carbon reduction
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  • 摘要

    煙管鍋爐大多以重油為燃料,燃燒產生高溫高壓蒸氣及二氧化碳,對
    空氣品質和全球暖化造成負面影響。本文旨在探討中小型煙管鍋爐裝設
    燃料省油器,以提升鍋爐熱效率,促進節能減碳。
    本文選擇了 30 套煙管鍋爐,其中 15 套沒有裝設省油器,另外 15 套則裝設有省油器。依據試車紀錄,以鍋爐效率熱損失法計算鍋爐熱效率,
    並比較了影響鍋爐熱效率的因素,評估了節能減碳的效益。所有鍋爐都
    使用相同的六號重油,確保了總入熱量平均值相近。影響鍋爐總熱損最
    大的因素是廢氣熱損,有無裝設省油器平均差距為 390 kcal/kg。無裝設省油器的鍋爐平均熱效率為 89.70%,合於政府規定的 87~90%以上。然而,各鍋爐平均廢氣溫度為 230.7 ℃,超過政府規定的 200 ℃以下。有裝設省油器鍋爐熱效率平均值為 93.68%,鍋爐廢氣溫度 145 ℃,都優於政府規定標準。
    本文使用蒸發量每小時 6 噸鍋爐,裝設省油器成本為 120 萬元,全年節省燃料約 36 噸,減少碳排放約 111 噸。以碳費每噸 100 元估算,加上燃料節省約 78 萬元,估計一年七個月可回收裝設省油器成本。

    關鍵字:煙管鍋爐、省油器、鍋爐熱效率、節能減碳


    Abstract

    Most smoke-tube boilers commonly utilize heavy oil as fuel, resulting in the production of high-temperature, high-pressure steam, carbon dioxide emissions,and negative impacts on air quality and global warming. This study aims toexplore the installation of fuel economizers in small and medium-sized smoketube boilers to enhance boiler thermal efficiency, promote energy conservation,and reduce carbon emissions.
    For this investigation, 30 sets of smoke-tube boilers were selected, with 15 sets lacking fuel economizers while the remaining 15 sets were equipped with them. The boiler thermal efficiency was assessed using the boiler-efficiency
    heat-loss method based on test records. Factors influencing boiler efficiency were compared, and the benefits of energy conservation and carbon reduction were evaluated. All boilers employed identical No. 6 heavy oil as fuel, ensuring
    similarity in average total heat input. The most significant factor affecting total heat loss in the boilers was found to be exhaust-gas heat loss, with an average difference of 390 kcal/kg observed between boilers with and without fuel
    economizers. Boilers without a fuel economizer exhibited an average thermal efficiency of 89.70%, complying with government regulations that mandate efficiency levels of 87-90% and above. However, the average exhaust-gas temperature of each boiler exceeded the government-specified limit of below 200°C, measuring 230.7°C. Boilers equipped with a fuel economizer demonstrated an average thermal efficiency of 93.68% and a lower exhaust-gas temperature of 145°C, surpassing the government standard.
    The boilers analyzed in this study had an evaporation capacity of 6 tons per hour. The cost of installing a fuel economizer was estimated at 1.2 million NT dollars, resulting in an annual fuel saving of approximately 36 tons and a reduction of about 111 tons in carbon emissions. Considering a carbon tax rate of 100 NT dollars per ton and the fuel savings of approximately 780,000 NT dollars, the investment in a fuel economizer could be recovered within one year and seven months.

    Keywords: Smoke tube boiler, Fuel economizer, Boiler thermal
    efficiency,Energy saving and carbon reduction.

    目錄 摘要.................................................... I Abstract ............................................... II 目錄.................................................... V 表目錄.................................................. VIII 圖目錄.................................................. X 第一章 前言............................................. 1 1-1 研究緣起...................................................... 1 1-2 研究目的...................................................... 1 第二章 文獻回顧 ....................................................... 3 2-1 鍋爐簡介............................................. 3 2-1-1 鍋爐形式與種類與使用概況............................ 4 2-2 鍋爐燃料............................................ 7 2-2-1 鍋爐的燃燒與排放 .................................. 8 2-2-2 改善鍋爐燃燒效率的方法............................. 9 2-3 省油器...................................................... 12 2-3-1 能源概況及新設鍋爐效率標準.......................... 14 2-4 鍋爐運轉燃燒對環境的影響.............................. 15 第三章 研究方法 ........................................................16 3-1 研究流程............................................ 16 3-2 研究方法..................................................... 17 3-3 鍋爐熱效率.......................................... 22 第四章 結果與討論........................................27 4-1 燃料預熱吸熱量.......................................27 4-1-1 輸入總熱量........................................ 29 4-2 鍋爐燃燒用空氣...................................... 30 4-2-1 理論空氣量......................................................30 4-2-2 過剩空氣 .........................................30 4-2-3 燃燒空氣中水分 ....................................32 4-2-4 燃燒實際空氣量.....................................33 4-3-1 理論廢氣量....................................... 36 4-3-2 實際廢氣量....................................... 37 4-4-1 廢氣熱損..........................................39 4-4-2 輻射對流熱損 .................................... 41 4-5 鍋爐熱效率.................................................... 44 4-6 有無裝設省油器鍋爐效率比較.......................... 50 4-7 省油器裝設成本及效益.....................................................51 第五章 結論與建議 ......................................53 5-1 結論.............................................. 53 5-2 建議.............................................. 54 參考文獻.............................................. 55 附錄...................................................58

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