在一般的搜尋引擎使用經驗上，使用者往往會搜尋到大量的資訊，其中更可能包含了與使用者原始目的不相同的文件。主要原因是因為電腦在搜尋文件的過程中往往只是針對字面上的詞去做比對，而沒有詳細去分析該字詞的真正語意為何。
本研究的目標為提升搜尋引擎的效率並協助使用者搜尋正確的文件，以強化對於搜尋結果的滿意度以及實用度。我們利用了本體論方法來強化搜尋階段所需的數位內容的語意描述。針對實驗室數位圖書館的環境下，我們提出了數位典藏本體論，用以描述文獻內容的意義，領域知識，以及使用者描述資訊。搭配邏輯推理相關機制，發展了推論式的智慧型搜尋引擎。其目的為協助使用者搜尋學術相關文獻，並可根據使用者的背景知識提供其容易理解的相關資訊。
實驗結果顯示推論式搜尋方法可以有效的提升搜尋引擎的效益。有別於傳統關鍵字搜尋的機制，本研究的成果可以有效的推演出使用者的需求並精確的搜尋出符合使用者語意的文獻內容。

According to the experience of retrieving content via search engine, people often get a great deal of responded information. Somehow, part of them is irrelevant to user’s intention. The main reason caused this problem is the lacking of enough semantic description for digital content during the analyzing, searching and matching processes.
The purpose of our study is to improve the searching efficiency, user’s satisfactions and practicability. We apply ontology theory to content description, which is used in matching process. In digital library application, we proposed Digital Library Ontology to establish the descriptions of contents, domain knowledge and user profiles. Utilizing reasoning technique, we developed an inference-based intelligent search engine to assist literatures retrieval based on users'' background knowledge.
Experiments show the proposed intelligent search engine can efficiently improve searching performance. To distinguish from traditional keywords search, our approach can provide better searching result, which is based on deduced needs from user. The responded literatures are verified to have better comprehension to user.

Chinese Reference
[劉昕鵬2003] 劉昕鵬, “Ontology理論研究和應用建模--<Ontology研究綜述>、w3c Ontology研究組文檔以及Jena編程應用總結”，28 March 2003
English Reference
[Aho 1979] A.V. Aho and J.D. Ullman, "Universality of Data Retrieval Languages," Sixth Symp. on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 110-117,1979.
[Bai 1998] B.R. Bai, C.L. Chen, L.F. Chien and L.S. Lee, "Intelligent retrieval of dynamic networked information from mobile terminals using spoken natural language queries," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 62-72, Feb. 1998.
[Bais 2002] M. Bais, J. Cosmas, C. Dosch, A. Engelsberg, A. Erk, P.S. Hansen, P. Healey, G.K. Klungsoeyr, R. Mies, J.R. Ohm, Y. Paker, A. Pearmain, L. Pedersen, A. Sandvand, R. Schafer, P. Schoonjans and P. Stammnitz, "Customized television: standards compliant advanced digital television," IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 48, No. 2, Jun. 2002.
[Basili 2003] R. Basili, A. Moschitti, M.T. Pazienza, and F.M.Zanzotto, “Personalizing Web publishing via information extraction,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol.18, No. 1, pp. 62-70, Jan./Feb. 2003.
[Bernstein 2005] A. Bernstein, F. Provost, and S. Hill, "Intelligent Assistance for the Data Mining Process: An Ontology-based Approach," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol.17, No.4, pp. 503-518, April 2005.
[Blair 1985] D. C. Blair and M. E. Maron, "An evaluation of retrieval effectiveness for a full-text document retrieval system." Communications of the ACM, pp.289-299, 1985.
[Borgida 1995] A. Borgida, “Description logics in data management, Knowledge and Data Engineering.” IEEE Transactions on, Vol.7, No.5, pp. 671-682, Oct. 1995.
[Camurri 1991] A. Camurri, C. Canepa, M. Frixione and R. Zaccaria, “HARP: A System for Intelligent Composer''s Assistance.”Computer, Vol. 24, No. 7, pp. 64-67, Jul. 1991.
[Chen 2004] H. Chen, T. Finin, J. Anupam, L. Kagal, F. Perich and C. Dipanjan, “Intelligent agents meet the semantic Web in smart spaces,” Internet Computing, IEEE, Vol. 8, No. 6 , pp. 69-79, Nov./Dec. 2004.
[Clifton 1998] C. Clifton and R. Steinheiser, "Data mining on text," Computer Software and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 98. Proceedings.1998. The Twenty-Second Annual International, pp. 630-635, 1998.
[Conklin 1993] D. Conklin, S. Fortier and J. Glasgow, “Knowledge discovery in molecular databases, Knowledge and Data Engineering.” IEEE Transactions on , Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 985-987, Dec. 1993.
[Compatangelo 1996] E. Compatangelo, "A concept-oriented logical framework for domain knowledge modelling and analysis in computer-based systems engineering," IEEE Symposium and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, pp. 110-117, Mar. 1996.
[Corby 1999] O. Corby and R. Dieng, "The WebCokace knowledge server,” IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 38-43, Nov./Dec. 1999.
[Dorre 1999] J. Dorre, P. Gerstl and R. Seiffert, "Text Mining: Finding Nuggets in Moutains of Textual Data," KDD-99 SanDiego CA USA International, pp. 632-635
[David 2003] D.W. McDonald, "Ubiquitous recommendation systems," Computer, Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 111-112, Oct. 2003.
[Ding 2001] Y. Ding, “Ontology: The enabler for the Semantic Web,” Journal of Information Science, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 377-384, 2001.
[Fang 2004] L. Fang, C. Yu and M. Weiyi, "Personalized Web search for improving retrieval effectiveness," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 28-40 Jan. 2004.
[Finkel 1974] R.A. Finkel and J.L. Bentley, "Quad trees - a data structure for retrieval on composite keys", Acta Informatics, pp. 1-9, 1974.
[Gonzalez 2000] P.A. Gonzalez, “Applying Knowledge Modeling and Case-based Reasoning to Software Reuse.” Software, IEE Proceedings- [see also Software Engineering, IEE Proceedings] , Vol. 147, No. 5, pp. 169-177, Oct. 2000.
[Gruber 1993] T.R. Gruber, “A translation approach to portable ontology specifications,” Knowledge Acquisition, Vol. 5, No 2, pp. 199-220, 1993
[Gruber 1993] T.R. Gruber, “Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing,” Formal Ontology in Conceptual Analysis and Knowledge Representation, 1993.
[Hammouda 2004] K.M. Hammouda and M.S. Kamel, "Efficient phrase-based document indexing for Web document clustering," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 10, pp. 1279-1296, Oct. 2004.
[Handschuh 2003] S. Handschuh, R. Volz, and S. Staab, "Annotation for the Deep Web," IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol 18, No. 5, pp. 42-48, Sep/Oct 2003.
[Himmelstein 2005] M. Himmelstein, "Local search: the Internet is the Yellow Pages," Computer, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 26-34, Feb. 2005.
[Hubner 2004] S. Hubner, R. Spittel, U. Visser and T.J. Vogele, "Ontology-based search for interactive digital maps," IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol.19, No.3, pp. 80-86, May/Jun, 2004.
[Jung 2005] S.Y. Jung, J.H. Hong and T.S. Kim, "A Statistical Model for User Preference," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 834-843, Jun. 2005.
[Kemp 2001] L.L. Kemp, K.E. Nidiffer, L.C. Rose, R. Small, and M.Stankosky, "Knowledge management, insights from the trenches," IEEE Software, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 66-68, Nov./Dec. 2001.
[Korhonen 2002] J. Korhonen, L. Pajunen and J. Puustijarvi, “UsingWeb services and workflow ontology in multi-agent systems,” Workshop on Ontologies for Multi-Agent Systems, 2002.
[Lee 2001] T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila. “The semantic web,” In Scientific American, May 2001.
[Lisetti 2004] C.L. Lisetti, S.M. Brown, K. Alvarez, and A.H. Marpaung, "A social informatics approach to human-robot interaction with a service social robot," IEEE Transactions on Man and Cybernetics Systems, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 195-209, May 2004.
[Martin 2000] P. Martin, P. Eklund, "Knowledge Retrieval and the Word Wide Web." In IEEE Intelligent Systems special issue Knowledge Management and Knowledge Distribution over the Internet, 2000.
[McIlraith 2001] S.A. McIlraith, T.C. Son and Z. Honglei, “Semantic Web services,” Intelligent Systems IEEE [see also IEEE Expert], vol.16, no.2 , March-April 2001, pp.46 – 53
[Mili 1988] H. Mili and R. Rada, "Merging thesauri: principles and evaluation," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 204-220, Mar. 1988.
[Navigli 2003] R. Navigli, P. Velardi, and A. Gangemi, “Ontology Learning and Its application to Automated Terminology Translation,” IEEE Intelligent System, Vol. 18, pp. 22-31, Jan./Feb. 2003.
[Niwa 1990] K. Niwa, "Toward successful implementation of knowledge-based systems: expert systems versus knowledge sharing systems," IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 277-283, Nov. 1990.
[O''Leary 1998] D.E. O''Leary "Enterprise knowledge management," Computer, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 54-61, Mar. 1998.
[Oyama 2004] S. Oyama, T. Kokubo and T. Ishida, "Domain-specific Web search with keyword spices," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 17-27, Jan. 2004.
[Paul. 1998] Paul E. van der Vet and Nicolaas J.I. Mars, “Bottom-Up Construction of Ontologies,” IEEE Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 513-526, Jul./Aug. 1998.
[Paolucci 2002] M. Paolucci, T. Kawmura, T. Payne and K. Sycara. “Semantic Matching of Web Services Capabilities,” Proceedings of The First International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), Sardinia (Italy), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Jun. 2002.
[Salton 1986] G. Salton, "Another Look at Automatic Text-Retrieval Systems." Communications of the ACM, pp 648-656, 1986.
[Salton 1988] G. Salton and C. Buckley, "Term weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval,” Information Processing and Management, pp. 513-523, 1988.
[Schwartz 2003] D.G. Schwartz, “From open IS semantics to the Semantic Web: the road ahead,” Intelligent Systems, IEEE [see also IEEE Expert], Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 52-58, May/Jun. 2003.
[Staab 2001] S. Staab et al., “Knowledge Processes and Ontologies,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 26–34, Jan./Feb. 2001
[Steinacker 2001] A. Steinacker, A. Ghavam, and R. Steinmetz, "Metadata standards for Web-based resources," IEEE Multimedia, Vol 8, No. 1, pp. 70-76, Jan./Mar. 2001.
[Stephen 2004] S.J.H. Yang and N.W.Y. Shao, “An Ontology Based Content Model for Intelligent Web Content Access Services,” submitted to International Journal of Web Service Research (IJWSR), March 2005.
[Terziyan 2005] V. Terziyan, "Semantic Web Services for Smart Devices Based on Mobile Agents," International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies, Idea Group, ISSN 1548-3657, April 2005.
[Thiruvathukal 2004] G.K. Thiruvathukal and K. Laufer, "Plone and content management," IEEE Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 88-95, Jul./Aug. 2004.
[Timons 2004] F. Timons, "Smarter storage technology ahead in 2010," IT Professional, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 8-10, Nov./Dec. 2004.
[Turtle 1992] H. R. Turtle and W. B. Croft, "A comparison of text retrieval models." The Computer Journal 35 (3), pp. 279–290, 1992.
[Varshney 2000] U. Varshney, R.J. Vetter, and R. Kalakota, "Mobile commerce: a new frontier," Computer, Vol. 33, No. 10, pp. 32-38, Oct. 2000.
[Weiss 1999] S.M. Weiss, C. Apte, F.J. Damerau, D.E. Johnson, F.J. Oles, T. Goetz, and T. Hampp, "Maximizing text-mining performance," IEEE Intelligent Systems and Their Applications, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 63-69, Jul./Aug. 1999.
[Wu 2004] Y. Wu, B.L. Tseng, and J.R. Smith, "Ontology-based multi-classification learning for video concept detection," ICME ''04. 2004 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, Vol.2, pp. 1003-1006, June, 2004.
[Xu 2004] C.Z. Xu and T.I. Ibrahim, "A keyword-based semantic prefetching approach in Internet news services," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 601-611, May 2004.
[Yujie 2004] M. Yujie, Z. Shensheng, and C. Jian, "Providing knowledge support in business process: a context based approach," IEEE International Conference on Man and Cybernetics Systems, Vol.3, pp.2143-2149, Oct. 2004.
[Zaremski 1997] A. Zaremski, and J. Wing. “Specification Matching of Software Components,” ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), Vol. 6, No. 4, Oct. 1997.
[Zhihong 2003] Z. Zhihong and Z. Mingtian,”Web Ontology Language OWL and its description logic foundation,” Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, PDCAT''2003, pp. 27-29, Aug. 2003.
URL Reference
[CiteSeer] CiteSeer http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/
[Clusty] Clusty http://clusty.com/
[DAML] The DARPA Agent Markup Language Homepage http://www.daml.org/
[Google] Google http://www.google.com/
[Google Scholar] Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/
[KartOO] KartOO http://www.kartoo.com/
[Mooter] Mooter http://www.mooter.com/
[OWL] Web Ontology Language (OWL) http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/
[prefuse] prefuse http://prefuse.sourceforge.net/
[SCIRUS] SCIRUS http://www.scirus.com/
[Semantic Web] Semantic Web http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
[Vivísimo] Vivísimo http://vivisimo.com/