高強度鋁合金擠型材之研究｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	唐文賢 Wen-Xian Tang
論文名稱：	高強度鋁合金擠型材之研究
指導教授：	歐炳隆 Bin-Lung Ou
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
畢業學年度：	89
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	105
中文關鍵詞：	高強度鋁合金、擠製、擠型材、7046 、2024
相關次數：	點閱：5 下載：0
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實驗以擠製時造成的最大壓力值以及表面品質來評估其擠型性，藉由DSC熱差分析儀分析材料擠出後以及經過時效後基地內析出狀態，利用光學顯微鏡(OM)、穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察合金內再結晶情形以及析出強化相分布情形，以掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察材料拉伸、衝擊斷裂面。
2024鋁合金最佳的均質化條件為溫度520℃時間10小時，可將鑄造時產生的偏析以及共晶相消除。雖然擠製前預熱溫度越高，擠製後的固溶程度越大，但是對2024鋁合金而言，預熱溫度越高，則越容易造成表面龜裂的現象，因此預熱溫度不可過高。高含量Cu、Mg的2024合金具有相當的強度，但是其衝擊韌性卻是最低的，而低含量Cu、Mg合金的強度雖低，但是卻有較高的衝擊韌性。
7046鋁合金最佳的均質化條件為溫度470℃時間24小時。擠製後造成基地的固溶度隨均質化溫度、預熱溫度的提高而增加，可得到較高的硬度值；但就強度而言，均質化溫度及預熱溫度越高，卻造成再結晶組織粗大，反而使強度下降。Zn含量改變對7046合金而言，對機械性質似乎沒有太大的影響，而Mg含量的改變就有明顯影響：7046-LMg雖然強度最低，但衝擊韌性卻是最高的。

In this study, the extrudability was evaluated with the maximum extrusion pressure and the surface quality of the extruded products. The mechanical properties were investigated using tensile, impact and hardness tests. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the matrix precipitates of the alloys. The microstructural and fractured characterization were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
For the 2024 aluminum alloy, the homogenization treatment with 520℃ for 10h can effectively eliminate the segregation and eutectic phase of the cast alloy. The degree of the solute supersaturation was increased with the reheating temperatures, but too high reheating temperature would also cause a higher susceptibility to hot cracking during extrusion. The 2024 alloy with high Cu and Mg contents revealed a considerately tensile strength, but the lowest impact toughness; In contrast, the alloy with low Cu and Mg contents revealed lower strength but higher impact toughness. The existence of eutectic phase was found to significantly influence the toughness property but slightly on the tensile strength.
For the 7046 aluminum alloy, the optimum homogenization treatment examined was 470℃ for 24h. The degree of the solute supersaturation of the alloy after extrusion was increased with increasing the homogenization and reheating temperatures. The results indicated that the extrudability was increased with extrusion temperature. Higher hardness values would be obtained by increasing homogenization and reheating temperatures, however, the tensile strength was opposite to the hardness measurements. This strength decay was primarily due to the coarsening of the recrystallized structure. Moreover, the mechanical properties were significantly affected by the variation of the magnesium content, but slightly affected by the zinc content. The 7046 alloy with low Mg content exhibited the lowest strength but highest impact toughness.

Abstract ………………………………………………………… I
摘要 ……………………………………………………………… III
目錄 ……………………………………………………………… IV
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………VII
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………VIII
第一章 緒論 ……………………………………………………… 1
一、序言 ………………………………………………………… 1
二、理論基礎與論文回顧 ……………………………………… 3
2-1 擠型塑性加工法………………………………………… 3
2-2 Al-Cu-Mg合金 …………………………………………… 3
2-2.1 Al-Cu-Mg合金簡介 ………………………………… 3
2-2.2 Al-Cu-Mg合金時效析出序列 ……………………… 4
2-3 Al-Zn-Mg合金 …………………………………………… 5
2-3.1 Al-Zn-Mg合金簡介 ………………………………… 5
2-3.2 Al-Zn-Mg合金時效析出序列 ……………………… 6
2-4 添加過渡元素(Mn、Cr、Zr)的影響 …………………… 8
2-5 擠製過程 ………………………………………………… 8
2-5.1 擠製過程 …………………………………………… 8
2-5.2 固溶處理 …………………………………………… 9
2-5.3 淬火 ………………………………………………… 9
2-5.4 時效處理 ……………………………………………10
2-6 擠製性探討 ………………………………………………11
2-6.1 合金成份對擠製性的影響 …………………………11
2-6.2 預熱溫度對擠製性的影響 …………………………11
2-7 時效 ………………………………………………………12
2-7.1 時效處理 ……………………………………………12
2-7.2 時效強化機構 ………………………………………12
2-8 加工組織的回復 …………………………………………14
2-8.1 再結晶 ………………………………………………14
2-8.2 擠型加工對微結構及機械性質的影響 ……………16
第二章 本文 ……………………………………………………… 18
一、前言 ………………………………………………………18
二、實驗步驟與方法 ………………………………………… 19
2-1 材料 ………………………………………………………19
2-2 擠製過程 ………………………………………………… 19
2-3 最大擠製壓力量測 ………………………………………20
2-4 微差掃描熱分析(DSC) …………………………………20
2-5 示差熱分析(DTA) ……………………………………… 21
2-6 硬度值量測 ………………………………………………21
2-7 拉伸試驗 …………………………………………………21
2-8 衝擊試驗 …………………………………………………22
2-9 金相觀察 …………………………………………………22
2-10 掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察(SEM) …………………………22
2-11 穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察(TEM) …………………………22
三、結果與討論 ……………………………………………… 24
3-1 2024平衡組成合金 …………………………………… 24
3-1.1 均質化處理及預熱溫度對最大擠製速度的影響…24
3-1.2 擠製壓力、DSC、硬度量測結果 ………………… 25
3-1.3 拉伸試驗結果 ………………………………………26
3-1.4 均質化後冷卻速度對擠製壓力、DSC、硬度的影響 27
3-2 2024合金成份調配的影響 …………………………… 28
3-2.1 合金調配對擠製壓力、DSC、硬度的影響 ……… 28
3-2.2 合金調配對拉伸強度、衝擊韌性的影響 ………… 29
3-3 2024合金之金相、微觀組織觀察 ………………………30
3-3.1 擠製後之金相OM觀察 ……………………………30
3-3.2 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察 …………………… 30
3-3.3 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察 ……………………31
3-4 7046平衡組成合金 ………………………………………32
3-4.1 均質化處理及預熱溫度對最大擠製速度的影響…32
3-4.2 擠製壓力、DSC、硬度量測結果 ……………………32
3-4.3 拉伸試驗結果 ………………………………………33
3-4.4 均質化後冷卻速度對擠製壓力、DSC、硬度的影響 34
3-5 7046合金成份調配的影響 ………………………………35
3-5.1 合金調配對擠製壓力、DSC、硬度的影響 ……… 35
3-5.2 合金調配對拉伸強度、衝擊韌性的影響 ………… 36
3-6 7046合金之金相、微觀組織觀察 ……………………… 37
3-6.1 擠製後之金相OM觀察 ……………………………37
3-6.2 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察 …………………… 37
3-6.3 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察 ……………………38
四、結論 ……………………………………………………… 39
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………40
表 ………………………………………………………………44
圖 ………………………………………………………………47

                                

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