在無線應用網路環境中閘道器附近區域之多重路徑繞路機制

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研究生：	陳君瑋 Chun-Wei Chen
論文名稱：	在無線應用網路環境中閘道器附近區域之多重路徑繞路機制 Gateway Zone Multi-path Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks
指導教授：	吳曉光 Eirc Hsiao-Kuang Wu
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	資訊電機學院 - 資訊工程學系 Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	60
中文關鍵詞：	無線應用網路、多路徑繞路、閘道器
外文關鍵詞：	gateway, wireless mesh networks, Multipath routing
相關次數：	點閱：13 下載：0
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在以All-IP 為基礎的網路中，各種網際網路以及多媒體的服務已經十分普及，其中無線應用網路不僅可以延伸通訊的範圍、提供使用者各種所需的服務，同時也可以降低先期的設備投資。在無線應用網路中，資料的傳輸通常經由具備閘道器功能的mesh 路由器進行，使得閘道器成為多數連線的來源地或目的地。在傳統的多重路徑路由協定中，為了找尋從來源端到目的端的多條路徑，並不允許中間的節點回覆來源端送出的Route Request 訊息，這使得閘道器附近的區域因要傳遞過多的控制訊息而壅塞、造成封包遺失以及效能的低落。在這篇論文中，我們提出一個名為GZMR 的多重路徑繞路協定，GZMR 將閘道器附近的節點結合成一個相互合作的區域，同時此區域邊緣的節點可代替閘道器回覆來源端送來的詢問閘道器Route Request訊息，如此一來可避免控制訊息過度的溢入閘道器附近區域、減少封包的遺失，同時也可以縮短找尋路徑的時間。

Internet and multimedia services are widely-provided in All-IP based networks. There has been growing demand for mobile users to get those services. The Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) extends communication range and provides Internet connectivity to mobile users with low upfront investment. In WMN, the traffic usually passes through the gateway and makes it become the common destination of the traffic. Conventional multipath routing protocols in the ad hoc networks do not allow intermediate nodes to reply the route request messages, so the flooding messages make the area near the gateway become congested and degrade the performance. In this paper, we proposed Gateway Zone Multi-path Routing (GZMR) protocol. GZMR uses nodes around the gateway to form a Gateway Cooperative Zone and ceases the routing control messages flooding from outside the zone. Border nodes in the zone can help replying gateway information to reduce route discovery delay. Our simulation results show that by lowering routing overheads and utilizing multiple paths from source to gateway, GZMR can shorten average end-to-end delay and improve the packet delivery in WMNs.

Abstract ii
Acknowledgments iv
Table of Contents v
List of Figures viii
Introduction 1
1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Thesis Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Background 6
1 Overview ofWirelessMesh Networks . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 MANET with Internet Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3 Overview of Routing Protocols inMANETs . . . . . . 9
3.1 Singlepath Routing Protocols . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 Multipath Routing Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Related Work 16
1 Ad Hoc On-demand Multipath Routing Protocols . . . 16
v
1.1 Split multipath routing (SMR) . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2 Multipath Source Routing (MSR) . . . . . . . . 17
1.3 On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing
in Ad Hoc Networks (AOMDV) . . . . . . . . . 18
1.4 Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Multipath
Routing Protocol (AODVM) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.5 Caching and Multiple Path Routing Protocol
(CHAMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2 Internet Connectivity for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks . . 20
3 Problem with Current Multipath Routing Protocols
support for Internet Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Gateway Zone Multi-path Routing(GZMR) 23
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2 SystemModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1 SystemArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2 Message Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.3 Routing Table and Neighbor History Record . . 27
3 Gateway Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4 Route Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
vi
4.1 Mobile Nodes communicate to Fixed Nodes . . 29
4.2 Mobile Nodes communicate to Mobile Modes . . 31
5 Down-streamRoute Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6 Data Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7 RouteMaintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Performance Evaluation 36
1 Simulation Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2 PerformanceMetrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.1 Performance of varying GCZ size in GZMR . . 38
3.2 Performance of CBR Traffic from MN to FN . . 39
3.3 Performance of TCP Traffic from MN to FN . . 44
3.4 Performance of Bi-directional TCP Traffic . . . 49
Conclusions and Future Work 55
List of References 56

                                

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