某廠所產生的氨氮廢水透過連續式薄膜蒸餾法進行處理每年應可產生26 %的硫酸銨1040噸，但在實際操時僅能產出25%左右，不但影響日後再利用效率也增加硫酸銨產量。本研究先將因子實驗與田口實驗的結果進行分析與檢討，提出在一般實驗設計無法有效解決問題的原因後，利用系統分析拆解處理單元同時繪出各單元間的交互作用作用機制並提出有效且可行的改善方案。最後藉由增設調勻槽將連續式優化為批次式處理程序，經處理後所產生的硫酸銨濃度經關係式進行估算可以提升至約28 %，有效將硫酸銨產量減少10 %及改善再利用效率。善用系統分析拆解各組成並結合實廠操作數據驗證可以更全面有效的解決根本問題，才不會導致解決現有問題卻製造出下個問題的窘境。

It is estimated that 1,040 tons of 26% ammonium sulfate can be produced every year using the continuous membrane distillation method to treat the ammonia nitrogen wastewater in this plant. However, only a lower concentration level (25%) of ammonium sulfate was produced in actual operation. It not only affects the efficiency of future reuse of the ammonium sulfate but also increases the cost of cleaning and transporting it. The study first reviewed and analyzed the results of conventional experimental designs, including the Factor Test and the Taguchi Test. Then, the reasons why the problem associating with a lower concentration level of ammonium sulfate produced in the plant could not be addressed the conventional tests were identified. Furthermore, a novel solution to the problem was proposed in this study. By implementing the System Analysis, which disassembles the processing units, and maps out the interaction and mechanism of each unit, effective and feasible improvements of the process were detected and made. The study found that by adding a mixing tank and replacing a continuous process with a batch process, the ammonium sulfate produced after the treatment was estimated to be optimized in the following ways: its concentration level was to be increased to roughly 28% and its production was to be reduced by 10%. In addition to that, the proposed design also improved reuse efficiency. By Adapting the System Analysis within an actual plant operation, problems can be solved more comprehensively and effectively. This is because the assumptions derived from the system analysis can be validated by the real data in a plant.

[1] Banat, F. A., & Simandl, J., “Desalination by membrane distillation: A parametric study”, Separation Science and Technology, 33(2), pp. 201~226, 1998.
[2] Findley, M. E., “Vaporization through porous membranes”,I & EC process design and development, Vol 6, No. 2, pp. 226~230, 1967.
[3] Hasanğlu, A., Romero, J., Pérez, B., & Plaza, A., “Ammonia removal from wastewater streams through membrane contactors: Experimental and theoretical analysis of operation parameters and configuration”, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol 160, pp. 530~537, 2010.
[4] Lawson, K. W., & Lloyd, D. R., “Membrane distillation”, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 124, pp. 1~25, 1997.
[5] Norddahl, B., Horn, V. G., Larsson, M., Du Preez, J. H., & Christensen, K., “A membrane contactor for ammonia stripping, pilot scale experience and modeling”, Desalination, Vol 199, pp. 172~174, 2006.
[6] Schneider, K., Hölz, W., & Wollbeck, R., & Ripperger, S., “Membrane and modules for transmembrane distillation”, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 39, pp. 25~42, 1988.
[7] Tan, X., Tan, S. P., Teo, W. K. & Li, K., “Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes for ammonia removal from water”, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 271, pp. 59~68, 2006.
[8] Zhu, Z., Hao, Z., Shen, Z. & Chen, J., “Modified modeling of the effect of pH and viscosity on the mass transfer in hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane contactors”, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 250, pp. 269~276, 2005.
[9] 傅正貴、李玫、許哲章及王俊元，創新氨氮廢水資源化，工業工程年會，2016。
[10] 李輝煌，田口方法品質設計的原理與實務，高立圖書有限公司，2011。
[11] 林伯勳、葉茂淞、洪仁陽及徐淑芳，「薄膜蒸餾技術應用在中鋼煉焦廢水氨氮脫除之可行應研究」，中國礦冶工程學會會刊，59卷2期，108~119頁，2015。
[12] 張冠甫、徐樹剛、黃盟舜、李茂松及張王冠，氨氮廢水處理與回收技術及案例，2013年，https://proj.ftis.org.tw/eta/epaper/PDF/120-02v1.pdf。
[13] 莊清榮，「薄膜蒸餾技術」，科學月刊，565期，54~57頁，2017。