藉由歷史可以知興替，藉由歷史亦可以探討不同主管領導權力基礎的使用時機與情境。本研究藉由歷史文獻回顧，如三國志、資治通鑑、英雄記等等…。並針對進入職場一年以上之人員進行問卷調查，調查不同組織情境下主管領導權力基礎間能夠發揮組織效能的重要性，最終線上問卷回收量為228份，均為有效問卷。

　　研究結果發現：(1) 高競爭環境下，五種領導權力基礎中，較能讓領導者發揮組織效能的權力基礎為專家權具有正向顯著性。(2) 高競爭環境下，五種領導權力基礎中，較能讓領導者發揮組織效能的權力基礎為認同權不具有正向顯著性。(3) 當組織處於創立時期時，五種領導權力基礎中，最能夠激發組織效能，讓組織遵從正確策略前進的是專家權具有正向顯著性。(4) 當組織處於發展期時，五種領導權力基礎中，能夠讓組織飛速成長的權力基礎是專家權不具有正面顯著性。(5) 當組織處於發展期時，五種領導權力基礎中，能夠讓組織飛速成長的權力基礎是認同權不具有正面顯著性。(6) 當組織處於成熟期時，五種領導權力基礎中，能夠持續發揮組織高效能運作的權力基礎是認同權不具有正面顯著性。

With history as a mirror, one can learn the rise and fall of a nation; with history as a mirror, one can look into the timing and circumstances in which powers are used by different executives. This research will be based on historical references such as Records of the Three Kingdoms, Zizhi Tongjian, Records of Heroes as well as questionnaires given to recipients who have entered the workforce more than one year. The number of final retrieved questionnaires are 228, all of which are valid.

This research discovers that (1) it is significant that, among the five bases of social power, executives with better expert power can make their organizations achieve better organizational effectiveness in a hyper-competitive environment (2) it is insignificant that, among the five bases of social power, executives with better referent power can make their organizations achieve better organizational effectiveness in a hyper-competitive environment (3) it is significant that, among the five bases of social power, executives with expert power can make their organizations achieve maximum organizational effectiveness and follow correct strategies when the organizations are in the phase of foundation (4) it is insignificant that, among the five bases of power, executives with better expert power can help their organizations develop fast when the organizations are at the development stage (5) it is insignificant that, among the five bases of power, executives with better referent power can help their organizations develop fast when the organizations are at the development stage, (6) it is significant that, among the five bases of power, executives with better referent power can make their organizations operate efficiently and steadily when the organizations are in the phase of maturity.

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2.王粲(曹魏)(無日期)，漢末英雄記。取自維基文庫：https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%AB%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E8%A8%98
3.佚名(孫吳)(無日期)，曹瞞傳。取自維基文庫：https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E6%9B%B9%E7%9E%9E%E5%82%B3
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8.陳瑜芬、吳明政、賴銘娟 (2006)，中華管理評論國際學報，第9卷4期，4-5。
9.廖國鋒、吳華春 (2003)。從正義知覺與關係品質的觀點探討領導者權力對員工工作投入影響之實證研究。人力資源管理學報，3(2)，1-25。
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