隨著醫療科技的進步，與生活品質的進步和提升，全球人類平均壽命不斷延長，在職場上的高齡員工也日趨多見。人口高齡化的發展影響勞動市場中就業者的年齡結構，亦即勞動年齡人口中，中高齡工作者的比例會日益提升，勞動力趨於高齡化，如此，這些員工的工作動機是我們需要更加重視的，那麼影響這些員工的工作動機為何？本研究主要探討了高齡員工的未來時間觀，未來時間觀不同於實際年齡，是內在的心理年齡，未來時間觀的議題已與持續工作動機的關係，同時將實際年齡與健康一起做比較，特別將成功老化策略選擇最適化補償策略作為本研究的調節變項，探討對未來時間觀、健康、年齡與持續工作關係的調節效果。
本研究採用問卷調查的方式，以實施便利抽樣針對各產業的在職人士發放問卷，由研究者親手轉交、紙本郵寄之方式給予臺灣93間企業人力資源部的窗口，採二次問卷發放的方式進行，最後有效樣本數為542份，迴歸的研究結果顯示未來時間觀會正向影響持續工作動機，選擇最適化補償策略在健康與持續工作動機間存在正向的調節效果，而健康會顯著影響持續工作動機的只有在高度使用SOC的群組才會發生。

In the near future, workforces will increasingly consist of older workers. At the same time, research has demonstrated that motivation to continue working decrease with age and future time perspective. We try to find out the relationship between future time perspective and the motivation to continue working in Taiwan. Although this finding is consistent with life span theories, such as the selection optimization and compensation (SOC) model, we know relatively little about the process variables that bring about this change in work motivation. We also use the SOC model as the moderate variable to find out the moderation in the relationship of future time perspective and the motivation to continue working in this study.
Our samples were drawn on different industries from 93 enterprises in Taiwan. Our findings are listed as follows. (1) Future time perspective has a positive relationship with the motivation to continue working. Furthermore, when we use SOC model as the moderate variable, our study shows that (2) SOC model has a positive moderate on health and the motivation to continue working.

中文參考文獻
1.何嘉欣（2011），國中生未來時間觀、學習資源的社會支持與學習動機、學業成就之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系在職進修碩士班未出版碩士論文。
2.邱英豪（2006）。國中學生未來時間觀照之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系未出版碩士論文。
3.林月琴（1999）。美國高齡員工的工作動機。國立空中大學社會科學系社會科學報，民88，7期，071-092頁。
4.林麗芳（2009）。高中職學生未來時間觀與課業學習動機調整策略關係之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系未出版碩士論文。
5.林麗惠（2006）。台灣高齡學習者成功老化之研究。人口學刊，33，133-170。
6.吳麗芬（1985），國民小學組織結構正式化、集中化與教師工作動機之關係，國立台灣師範大學教育研究所未出版碩士論文。吳麗芬（1986）
7.馬財專（2010）。臺灣中高齡勞工失業問題之檢視及政策思考。臺灣社會福利學刊，9（1），頁45-95。
8.許士軍（1985）。管理學，臺北：東華書局。
9.黃珮婷（2011）。大學生未來時間觀、知覺工具性及自我調整學習之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系未出版碩士論文。
10.張春興（1989）。心理學，臺北：東華書局。張春興（1989）
11.簡淑女（2011）。未來工作坊對國中生未來時間觀影響之研究─以宜蘭縣羅東國中為例。佛光大學未來學系未出版碩士論文。
12.藍采風、廖榮利（民83），組織行為學，臺北：三民書局。廖榮利與藍采風（1994）
13.郭乃文. （2012）。 工作動機, 工作投入, 及激勵因素對工作滿意度之影響-以中國上海市台商產業與台灣產業為例. 成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班 (EMBA) 學位論文, 1-67.
14.劉潔玲（2002）。從中國傳統文化思想及價值觀論目標取向理論在華人社會的應用。教育研究資訊，10（3），183-203。
15.蔡榮貴（2011）。我國高齡者活躍老化教育模式與策略。計畫編號：CN10013-CN10014； 計畫年度：100。

 
英文參考文獻
1.Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational psychology, 63(1), 1-18.
2.Anderson, J. C., & Moore, L. F. (1974). Characteristics of Canadian volunteers in direct service. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 3(2), 51-60.
3.Anderson, J. C., & Moore, L. F. (1978). The motivation to volunteer. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 7(3), 120-129.
4.Angle, H. L. & Perry, J. L. (1981). An empirical assessment of organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness, Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(1):1-14.
5.Armstrong-Stassen, M. (2008). Organisational practices and the postretirement employment experience of older workers. Human Resource Management Journal, 18, 36 –53. doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2007.00057.
6.Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensations. In: P.B. Baltes & M.M. Baltes (Eds.), successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
7.Bembenutty, H., & Karabenick, S. A., 2003. Academic Delay Of Gratification, Future Goals, and Self-Regulated Leanring. Paper Presented at The Annual Meeting Of The American Educational Research 18 Association, Chicago.
8.Buchanan, B. (1974). Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work organizations, Administrative Science Quarterly, 19:533-546.
9.Campell, J. P. and R. D. Pritchard. （1976）, Motivation Theory in Individual and Organizational Psychology, Rand McNally: Chicago.
10.Carstensen, L. L., & Lang, F. R. (1996). Future time perspective scale.Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.
11.Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation.Psychological bulletin, 125(6), 627.
12.Doering, M., Rhodes, S. R., & Schuster, M. (1983). The aging worker, CA: Sage.
13.Gjesme, T. (1983), On the concept to future time orientation: Considerations of some functions and measurements’ implications. International Journal of psychology, 18(5), 443-461.
14.Havighurst, R. J. (1961). Successful aging. Gerontologist, 1(1), 8-13.
15.Herbert, T. T. (1976). Dimensions of organizational behavior. Macmillan.
16.Holland, B. K. (1989). “Motivation and Job Satisfaction.” Journal of Property Management, 54(5) , pp.32-36.
17.Hoy, W.K. & Miskel, C.G. （1972, 1982）, Educational administration: theory, research, and practice, New York: Random House.
18.Husman, J., & Lens, W., 1999. The Role of The Future in Student Motivation. Educational Psychologist, 34, 113.
19.Husman, J., & Shell, D. (2008). Beliefs and perceptions about the future: A measurement of future time perspective. Learning & Individual Differences, 18(2), 166-175.
20.Jawahar, I. M. & Ferris, G. R. (2011). A Longitudinal investigation of task and contextual performance influences on promotability judgments. Human Performance, 24, 251-269.
21.Kanfer, R., Beier, M. E., & Ackerman, P. L. (2013). Goals and motivation related to work in later adulthood: An organizing framework. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22, 253–264. doi: 10.1080/1359432X.2012.734298
22.Katzell, R. A., & Thompson, D. E. (1990). Work motivation: Theory and practice. American Psychologist, 45(2), 144.
23.Kenyon, G. M. & Randall, W. L. (2001). Narrative gerontology: An overview. In G. M. Kenyon, P. clark, B. de Vries (Eds.). Narrative gerontology: Theory, research, and practice. NY: Springer (pp. 2-18).
24.Kooij, D., & Van De Voorde, K. (2011). How changes in subjective general health predict future time perspective, and development and generativity motives over the lifespan. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84, 228–247.
25.Kooij, D. T., Bal, P. M., & Kanfer, R. (2014). Future time perspective and promotion focus as determinants of intraindividual change in work motivation.Psychology and aging, 29(2), 319.
26.Kooij, D., & Van De Voorde, K. (2014). Future Time Perspective and Promotion Focus as Determinants of Intraindividual Change in Work Motivation.
27.Lu, L. (2012). Attitudes towards aging and older people’s intentions to continue working: A Taiwanese study. Career Development International, 17, 83-98.
28.Lyness, K.S., Thompson, D.E. (2000). Climbing the corporate ladder: do female and male executives follow the same root? Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 86-101.
29.Mathews, B. P. & Shepherd, J. L. (2002). Dimensionality of Cook and Wall’s 1980 British organizational commitment scale revisited, Journal of Occupational Organizational Psychology, 75:369-375.
30.Miller, R., & Brickman, S., 2004. A Model of Future-Oriented Motivation and Self-Regulation. Educational Psychology Review, 16, 9-33.
31.Ouwehand, C., De Ridder, D. T. D., & Bensing, J. M. (2007). A review of successful aging models: Proposing proactive coping as an important additional strategy. Clinical Psychology Review. 27(8): 873-884. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.11.003
32.Owens, R. G. （1990）, Organizational Behavior in Education, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
33.Pinder, C. C. (1984), Work Motivation: Theory, Issues, and Applications, Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Company.
34.Ryff, C. D. (1989). Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful aging. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 12(1), 35-55.
35.Scott, W. G., & Mitchell, T. R. (1976). Organization theory: a structural and Behavioral analysis, New York: Irwin.
36.Seijts, G. H. (1998). The importance of future time perspective in theory of work motivation. Journal of Psychology, 132(2), 154-168.
37.Steers, R. M. (1977). Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment, Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(1):46-56.
38.Sparrow, P. R., 1986. Job performance among older workers. Aging International, 13, 5-6, 22.
39.Speen, G. B. (1998). “Maximizing Employee Performance Through Motivation. ” Incentive, pp.2-7
40.Vázquez, S., & Rapetti, M., 2006. Future Time Perspective and Motivational Categories in Argentinean Adolescents. Adolescence, 41, 511-532.
41.Wiener, Y. (1982). Commitment in organization: A normative view, Academy of Management Review, 7(3):418-428.