雷射驅動離子加速器能產生高能離子束之特性使其適用於研究氫硼 (p-B) 聚變反應。此類核融合反應的主要過程沒有中子的產生，且攜帶高能量的 α 粒子可直接轉換為電能。然而，如何高效率地將能量從雷射轉換至核反應過程中仍是一大挑戰。此外，為精確測量能量的產出，對離子束具有高靈敏度且精準的診斷系統是必須具備的。

本研究採用國立中央大學強場物理與超快技術實驗室中的百兆瓦雷射系統，針對數百萬電子伏特（MeV）離子束建立診斷系統。為能正確解析CR39固態核徑跡偵檢器上的離子資訊，本研究開發了一套基於物理模型的CR39凹坑檢測演算法。該演算法能夠從高密度及重疊的離子凹坑中準確地提取出凹坑形態資訊。

此外，本研究設計並建構了一座自製的湯姆森拋物光譜儀，並對P43螢光屏的響應函數進行校準。此校準過程利用從靶背鞘層加速（Target Normal Sheath Acceleration, TNSA）機制產生之離子束，結合柵欄狀的CR39結構進行測試，使得離子能譜能即時地線上診斷。

基於上述診斷技術的改良，本研究進一步探究以氣態靶材進行雷射驅動離子加速的可行性，以提升雷射與粒子間的能量轉換效率。我們透過雷射光暗影法（shadowgraph imaging）以及湯木生散射成像（Thomson scattering imaging）量測了被調製的電漿分佈，也同時以CR39觀測到能量介於 450-900 keV 的質子。這些研究成果將為未來相關的實驗研究奠定了重要基礎。

Laser-driven ion accelerators provide a compact and efficient approach to generating energetic ion beams, making them suitable for proton-boron (p-B) fusion reactions. The reactants for this aneutronic fusion process are naturally abundant, and the resulting alpha particles can be directly converted into electrical energy. However, achieving efficient energy transfer from the laser to the fusion process remains a significant challenge. Furthermore, sensitive and reliable ion diagnostic systems are essential for accurately measuring energy production.

In this thesis, diagnostic systems for multi-MeV ion beams produced by a 100-TW Ti:sapphire laser system are investigated. To ensure precise ion measurements with CR39 solid-state nuclear track detectors, a physics-based CR39 pit-detection algorithm is developed. This algorithm extracts pit geometry from etched CR39, performing exceptionally well in regions with high density and overlapping tracks.

In addition, a Thomson Parabola Spectrometer utilizing a P43 scintillator is designed. The response function of the P43 scintillator was measured using multi-MeV proton beams generated from C-H foil targets via the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism, in combination with a customized CR39 structure for simultaneous track recording. This calibration improves the precision and accuracy of the Thomson Parabola Spectrometer in retrieving ion energy spectra.

Based on these capabilities of particle diagnostic tools, the feasibility of ion acceleration from gaseous targets was investigated to enhance laser-to-particle energy transfer efficiency. Tailored plasma structures generated by machining pulses were diagnosed using shadowgraph and Thomson scattering imaging, confirming proton acceleration with energies in the 450-900 keV range, as recorded by CR39 detectors. These results provide a foundation for future experiments to optimize laser-driven ion acceleration and advance progress in p-B fusion research.

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