性侵害犯的衝動行為表現-情緒狀態如何影響性侵害犯的抑制能力？

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研究生：	鄭舒方 Shu Fang
論文名稱：	性侵害犯的衝動行為表現-情緒狀態如何影響性侵害犯的抑制能力？ Impulsive expressions of sex offenders- How do emotional states affect inhibitory control in sex offenders?
指導教授：	洪蘭 Daisy Hung 阮啟弘 Chi-Hung Juan
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	生醫理工學院 - 認知與神經科學研究所 Graduate Institute of Cognitive and Neuroscience
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	92
中文關鍵詞：	性侵害犯、抑制控制、停止訊號作業、情色刺激
外文關鍵詞：	erotic stimuli, Stop signal task, sex offender, inhibitory control
相關次數：	點閱：10 下載：0
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根據Bennett & Hess對於性侵害犯的定義“the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. Included are rapes by force and attempts or assaults to rape.”(侯友宜, 2006) 過去的研究發現性暴力者通常會具有以下人格特質，反社會傾向、低社會化程度、低責任感、低從眾性、高衝動性、自我監控能力差。
在早期的病人研究中，性行為異常被視為是在額葉-顳葉產生問題 (Graber et al., 1982)，有研究也指出性侵害犯有低階執行功能的問題，因此會造成注意力無法持久、抑制能力等問題 (Joyal, Black & Dassylva, 2007). 在這個研究中，我們使用情緒停止訊號作業(emotional stop signal task) 來量化受試者的抑制能力，並瞭解受試者是否會因情緒圖片而影響到他們的抑制功能表現。在實驗中我們操弄情緒圖片（中性及情色圖片）在進行訊號(go signal)出現前呈現一千毫秒，利用RR tracking的方式推估受試者的抑制能力 - SSRT(stop signal reaction time)。研究結果發現情色圖片會影響受試者的抑制能力變差，並且在情緒和組別間有顯著的交互作用，在腦部後區的LPP(late positive potential)波形的差異指出性侵害犯對於情色圖片的喚醒程度會比一般人要來的高，而SST (successful stop trial) P3也看到性侵害犯的抑制能力會比一般人差。我們的大腦會將情色訊息解讀為是一種獎賞的訊息，因此會影響到我們的抑制功能，在情色圖片的影響下，性侵害犯的抑制表現又會比一般人更差

According to the definition of sexual violence form Bennett & Hess (1994), sexual violence is “the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. Included are rapes by force and attempts or assaults to rape.” (侯友宜, 2006). Researchers found people who exhibit violent behaviors may have some socially negative characteristics, like anti-social, low responsibility, high impulsivity and lack of self-control.
Sex offenders are reported for having frontal-temporal dysfunctions (Graber et al., 1982). It has also been shown that sex offenders have low-order executive dysfunction, such as sustained attention and inhibition (Joyal, Black & Dassylva, 2007). In this study, I want to use the emotional stop signal task to quantify the ability of inhibition, especially when subjects are under the influence of the emotional pictures. The independent variable is emotional picture (erotic and neutral pictures from IAPS), which is presented for 1000ms before the onset time of go signal. Response rate tracking (RR tracking) procedure can assist us to estimate participant’s ability of inhibition – stop signal reaction time (SSRT). The SSRT of erotic picture is longer than that of neutral pictures. There is a significant interaction between emotional pictures and groups of subjects. The difference lateral positive potential (LPP) waveform at parietal area indicated that sex offenders had higher arousal for erotic stimuli. The Successful stop trial P3 (SST P3) amplitude suggested that sex offenders had worse inhibitory control. Erotic picture, as a reward cue, influences our efficiency of inhibition; furthermore, sex offenders have worse inhibitory control than control group when the erotic pictures were presented.

Abstract	………………………………………………	I
中文摘要	………………………………………………	III
誌謝	………………………………………………	IV
Contents	………………………………………………	VI
List of Figures	………………………………………………	IX
List of Tables	………………………………………………	XI
1.	Generally Introduction
1-1	Expression of sex violent……………………	1
1-2	Evolutionary of rape ……………………….	2
1-3	Characteristic of sex offenders……………..	3
1-4	Brain processing of erotic stimuli…………..	5
1-5	Stop signal task……………………………..	8
2.	Experiment 1
2-1	Purpose……………………………………….	15
2-2	Method
2-2-1	Participants…………………………………...	16
2-2-2	Apparatus and stimuli………………………..	16
2-2-3	Procedure…………………………………….	17
2-3	Result………………………………………...	19
2-4	Discussion……………………………………	23
3.	Cognitive dysfunction of sex offenders
3-1	Dysfunction of inhibitory control……………	24
3-2	Sexual preference……………………………	26
4.
Previous ERPs studies
4-1	ERPs component of emotional arousal- LPP (late positive potential) ………………………     	27
4-2	ERPs component of inhibition- N2P3……….	30
5.	Experiment 2
5-1	Purpose………………………………………	33
5-2	Method………………………………………
5-2-1	Participants…………………………………..	35
5-2-2	Apparatus and stimuli………………………..	35
5-2-3	Procedure…………………………………….	37
5-2-4	Psychophysiological、recording……………	38
5-2-5	Data analysis…………………………………	38
5-3	Result………………………………………...	40
5-4	Discussion……………………………………	59
6.	Conclusions………………………………….	61
7.	General discussion…………………………...	63
Reference	……………………………………………….	69
Appendix 1:	The Criminal Law of the Republic of China Chapter 16 Article……………………………	74
Appendix 2	Classification of rape from Groth……………	76
Appendix 3	The numbers if the IAPS pictures in experiment 1…………………………………	78
Appendix 4	The numbers if the IAPS pictures in experiment 2…………………………………	79
Appendix 5	The letter of consent in experiment 1………..	80
Appendix 6	The letter of consent in experiment 2………..	81
Appendix 7	The instruction of ERPs experiment…………	82
Appendix 8	Interview questionnaire and descriptive data..	85
Appendix 9	LPP topography………………………………	88
Appendix 10	N2 SST topography………………………….	89
Appendix 11	N2 USST topography………………………..	90
Appendix 12	P3 SST topography…………………………..	91
Appendix 13	P3 USST topography………………………...	92

                                

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