以電漿觸媒系統去除氣流中CFC-12及HCFC-22之可行性探討

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研究生：	溫馨 Shin Wen
論文名稱：	以電漿觸媒系統去除氣流中CFC-12及HCFC-22之可行性探討 Removal of CFC-12 and HCFC-22 from Gas Stream via Combined Plasma Catalysis
指導教授：	張木彬 Moo-Been Chang
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 環境工程研究所 Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年：	2020
畢業學年度：	108
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	112
中文關鍵詞：	臭氧破壞物質、電漿觸媒、CFC 、HCFC 、全球暖化
外文關鍵詞：	CFC, Global warming, Ozone depleting substances, Plasma catalysis, HCFC
相關次數：	點閱：12 下載：0
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工業及生活中常用的冷媒材料為含鹵素之化合物，如氟氯碳化合物(chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs)或含氫之氟氯碳化合物(hydrochlorofluorocarbons, HCFCs)。由於CFCs及HCFCs的化學穩定性，最終將由對流層擴散至平流層，並經由光解反應釋出氯原子進而破壞平流層臭氧，此外CFCs及HCFCs具高全球暖化潛勢(Global warming potential, GWP)對全球暖化亦有影響，現行處理CFCs及HCFCs相關技術包括高溫焚化、觸媒催化及電漿技術等。本研究旨在分析電漿觸媒系統對於氣流中CFC-12及HCFC-22之去除效率及機制，並可分成三個部分：(1)去除CFC-12及HCFC-22之電漿觸媒系統開發；(2)進行電漿觸媒之機制分析；(3) 評估其可行性與對環境之效益。結果顯示利用電漿觸媒法具有去除CFC及HCFC之可行性，在進流濃度為800 ppm、總流量為500 sccm、添加1%O2且操作電壓為17 kV時，CFC-12及HCFC-22之最高去除效率分別達99.0%及99.4%，其能量效率分別為4.9 g/kWh及3.3 g/kWh；CFC-12及HCFC-22經電漿反應後生成之副產物主要為CO2、NOX，此外因氮分子之解離能、電離電勢較激發為亞穩態分子N2(A3∑u+)高，加上CFC-12及HCFC-22具有較大的解離性電子反應截面易與高能電子反應，其去除機制主要經由電漿產生之N2(A3∑u+)及高能電子進行分解反應。

Halogen-containing compounds including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are widely used in industry. Due to their chemical stability, CFCs and HCFCs, gradually diffuse from the troposphere to the stratosphere and catalyze the destruction of ozone through photodegradation. In addition, high global warming potentials (GWP) of CFCs and HCFCs also aggravate global warming. Current technologies for treating CFCs and HCFCs include high-temperature incineration, catalysis, and plasma destruction. This study aims to develop a catalyst with good activity and combine it with a plasma reactor as a hybrid system for the removal of CFC-12 and HCFC-22. The study is divided into three parts: (1) Development of plasma catalyst system for removing CFC-12 and HCFC-22 (2) Elucidation of plasma catalysis mechanism (3) Assessment of feasibility and environmental benefit. The results show that combined plasma catalyst system is effective in removing CFC-12 and HCFC-22. The highest removal efficiencies of CFC-12 and HCFC-22 are 99.0% and 99.4% respectively as the operating conditions are controlled at applied voltage=17 kV, gas flow rate= 500 sccm, CFC-12 or HCFC-22= 800 ppm and O2= 1%. The byproducts produced by plasma reaction of CFC-12 and HCFC-22 are CO2, and NOX. The dissociation energy and ionization potential of nitrogen molecules are higher than that of excited metastable molecules (N2(A3∑u+)). In addition, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 are easy to react with high-energy electrons and have large dissociative electron reaction cross sections. Therefore, the main removal mechanism is the decomposition reaction of N2(A3∑u+) and high-energy electrons generated by plasma.

摘要    i
Abstract    ii
第一章    前言    1
1.1    研究緣起    1
1.2    研究目的    2
第二章    文獻回顧    4
2.1    CFCs及HCFCs    4
2.2    CFCs及HCFCs之去除技術    8
2.2.1    以觸媒催化去除CFCs及HCFCs    10
2.2.2    以電漿技術去除CFCs及HCFCs    14
2.3    DBD電漿結合觸媒進行CFCs或HCFCs之去除    25
第三章    研究方法    31
3.1    研究方法    31
3.2    實驗設備、藥品與氣體    33
3.2.1    實驗設備    33
3.2.2    實驗藥品    36
3.2.3    實驗氣體    36
3.3    觸媒製備    37
3.4    CFC-12及HCFC-22去除實驗    38
3.4.1    熱催化實驗    38
3.4.2    電漿與電漿結合觸媒實驗    38
3.5    實驗之結果計算    41
3.6    觸媒特性分析    42
第四章    結果與討論    45
4.1    觸媒熱催化對CFC-12去除效率之探討    45
4.1.1    不同觸媒對去除CFC-12之影響    45
4.1.2    氧氣含量之影響    46
4.2    觸媒熱催化對HCFC-22去除效率之探討    47
4.2.1    不同觸媒對於去除HCFC-22之影響    47
4.2.2    氧氣含量對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    48
4.3    DBD電漿反應對CFC-12去除效率之影響    50
4.3.1    不同觸媒對於CFC-12之影響    50
4.3.2    氧氣含量對CFC-12去除效率之影響    53
4.3.3    CFC-12進流濃度對去除效率之影響    55
4.3.4    氣體流量對CFC-12去除效率之影響    57
4.3.5    水氣對CFC-12去除效率之影響    59
4.3.6    能量效率    60
4.4    DBD電漿反應對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    64
4.4.1    不同觸媒對於HCFC-22之影響    64
4.4.2    氧氣含量對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    66
4.4.3    HCFC-22進流濃度對去除效率之影響    68
4.4.4    進流流量對HCFC-22去除效率影響    70
4.4.5    水氣對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    71
4.4.6    能量效率    73
4.5    產物分析    77
4.6    觸媒特性分析    89
4.6.1    BET氮氣吸脫附及SEM-EDS元素分析    89
第五章    結論與建議    90
5.1    結論    90
5.2    建議    91
參考文獻    92


 
圖目錄
圖2- 1 CFC-11、CFC-12與CFC-113之歷年產量    6
圖2- 2常見之HCFC之歷年產量    7
圖2- 3歷年大氣環境中之CFC-12濃度趨勢    7
圖2- 4破壞臭氧層物質銷毀技術    9
圖2- 5以含鈀觸媒進行CFC-12加氫脫氯催化應機制    13
圖2- 6非熱電漿觸媒系統觸媒配置示意圖    28
圖3- 1研究流程    32
圖3- 2熱催化系統實驗設置    39
圖3- 3電漿觸媒系統實驗設置圖    40
圖4- 1溫度及添加不同觸媒對CFC-12去除效率之影響    45
圖4- 2氧氣含量對CFC-12去除效率之影響    46
圖4- 3 熱催化系統CFC-12去除效率隨反應時間之變化    47
圖4- 4溫度及添加不同觸媒對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    48
圖4- 5氧氣含量對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    49
圖4- 6 熱催化系統HCFC-22去除效率隨反應時間之變化    50
圖4- 7操作電壓及添加不同觸媒對CFC-12去除效率之影響    52
圖4- 8操作電壓及添加不同觸媒對CFC-12去除速率之影響    52
圖4- 9操作電壓及添加不同氧氣含量對CFC-12去除效率之影響    54
圖4- 10操作電壓及添加不同氧氣含量對CFC-12去除速率之影響    54
圖4- 11 電漿系統CFC-12去除效率隨反應時間之變化    55
圖4- 12含氧條件下CFC-12進流濃度及操作電壓對去除效率影響    56
圖4- 13含氧條件下CFC-12進流濃度及操作電壓對去除速率影響    57
圖4- 14進流流量及操作電壓對CFC-12去除效率之影響    58
圖4- 15進流流量及操作電壓對CFC-12去除速率之影響    58
圖4- 16水氣對CFC-12去除效率之影響    59
圖4- 17水氣對CFC-12去除速率之影響    60
圖4- 18填充不同觸媒對放電功率之影響    62
圖4- 19不同觸媒於不同操作電壓之能量效率    62
圖4- 20操作電壓及添加不同觸媒對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    65
圖4- 21不同操作電壓及觸媒對HCFC-22去除速率之影響    65
圖4- 22操作電壓及不同氧氣含量對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    67
圖4- 23操作電壓及不同氧氣含量對HCFC-22去除速率之影響    67
圖4- 24 電漿系統HCFC-22去除效率隨反應時間之變化    68
圖4- 25進流濃度及操作電壓對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    69
圖4- 26進流濃度及操作電壓對HCFC-22去除速率之影響    69
圖4- 27進流流量及操作電壓對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    70
圖4- 28進流流量及操作電壓對HCFC-22去除速率之影響    71
圖4- 29水氣對HCFC-22去除效率之影響    72
圖4- 30水氣對HCFC-22去除速率之影響    72
圖4- 31填充不同觸媒對放電功率之影響    74
圖4- 32填充不同觸媒於不同操作電壓之能量效率    75
圖4- 33放電前之CFC-12 FTIR圖譜    77
圖4- 34放電過程之CFC-12副產物FTIR圖譜    78
圖4- 35放電前之HCFC-22 FTIR圖譜    78
圖4- 36放電過程HCFC-22副產物之FTIR圖譜    79
圖4- 37 去除CFC-12於不同電壓下CO2產生之濃度    85
圖4- 38去除CFC-12於不同電壓下NO2產生之濃度    85
圖4- 39去除CFC-12於不同電壓下N2O產生之濃度    86
圖4- 40 HCFC-22於不同電壓產生之CO2含量變化    86
圖4- 41 HCFC-22於不同電壓產生之NO2含量變化    87
圖4- 42 HCFC-22於不同電壓產生之N2O含量變化    87
圖4- 43 CFC-12及HCFC-22於氮氣電漿且含氧氣氣流之反應途徑    88
 
表目錄
表2-1 CFC-12及HCFC-22之生命週期、GWP與ODP值    8
表2- 2 Oxidation &Hydrolysis —去除CFCs及HCFCs文獻彙整    16
表2- 3 Hydrodehalogenation去除CFC-12之相關文獻彙整    17
表2- 4 Hydrodehalogenation去除HCFC-22之文獻彙整    18
表2- 5熱電漿及非熱電漿基本性質    19
表2- 6非熱電漿技術去除CFC及HCFC之相關文獻    26
表2- 7非熱電漿技術去除CFC及HCFC之相關文獻    27
表3- 1 本研究所使用之藥品種類、濃度規格與供應廠商    36
表3- 2本研究使用之氣體種類及用途    36
表3- 3熱催化實驗操作參數    39
表3- 4電漿及電漿觸媒實驗操作參數    40
表4- 1非熱電漿系統去除CFC-12文獻比較    63
表4- 2非熱電漿系統去除HCFC-22文獻比較    76
表4- 3 CFC-12及HCFC-22於電漿中之反應及速率常數    82
表4- 4 Mn/TiO2 觸媒表面之元素組成與比表面積    89


                                

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