任意頻率調變式雷射測距儀｜國立中央大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	張鈞傑 Chun-Chieh Chang
論文名稱：	任意頻率調變式雷射測距儀 Laser Range Finder Using Novel Arbitrary Modulation Frequency
指導教授：	歐陽盟 Mang Ou-Yang
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 光電科學與工程學系 Department of Optics and Photonics
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	97
中文關鍵詞：	雷射測距、頻率調變、相位位移
外文關鍵詞：	frequency modulation, phase-shift, laser range finder
相關次數：	點閱：11 下載：0
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隨著科技的發展，人類對測距工具的需求從接觸式邁入非接觸式，而雷射的發明使非接觸式測距得以實現。雷射測距技術可分為干涉式、三角式及飛時式，其中飛時式又可區分為脈衝式、相位位移式及連續波調頻式。比較各種測距方法，其中相位位移式屬於中尺度的測距技術，加上半導體雷射製程技術成熟，元件尺寸越來越小；為了適合一般工業及民生用途，製作簡單低成本且高精準度的測距儀為研究的目標。
在傳統單頻式測距系統中，僅使用單一固定的調制頻率，限制最大測距範圍與精準度，系統中需使用至少兩個鎖相迴路與兩個混波器，結構複雜不易製作。雖然有雙頻式測距系統解決單一固定調制頻率，限制最大測距範圍與精準度，但結構中仍使用多個切換開關、混波器、鎖相迴路等結構複雜成本相對提高，雖又有多頻式測距系統，改善雙頻式使用固定調制頻率，以及簡化結構為兩個切換開關、一個鎖相迴路，不必使用混波器，但仍不為最簡單的方法。
因此本論文提出任意頻率調變式雷射測距系統並作更深入的探討，使頻率的選擇更廣泛，在電路製作上，與雙頻、多頻式最大的不同點在於不以鎖相迴路產生頻率的調制訊號，而是依設計者的需求，僅使用除頻器即可產生任意頻率的調制訊號，並使用固定頻率的取樣訊號對調制訊號取樣，如此打破傳統連續波相位位移式測距儀的結構中都含有鎖相迴路與混波器，結構大幅簡化，且使用元件少成本降低，誤差源也減少，更易製作成短小輕薄適合民生工業使用的雷射測距儀。

Resulting from the working principles, Laser Range Finders (LRF) are divided into five main categories: interferometric, triangulation, pulse, phase-shift and frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) methods. The phase-shift range finder is well adapted to industrial applications in measurement of middle distance.
The paper proposed that the phase-shift laser range finder using a arbitrary-modulation frequency method associating the novel patented circuit design with an effective computing algorithm. Its main advantage is a global simplification of the electronic system, leading to a quite simple development and low cost system. The whole system has been designed with divider of frequency producing arbitrary-modulation frequency giving the distance within a wide range and high resolution.

摘要........................................................................I
致謝......................................................................III
目錄.......................................................................IV
圖目錄....................................................................VII
表目錄......................................................................X
第一章 序論.................................................................1
1	 前言..............................................................1
2	 雷射測距方法與分析................................................2
2.1	干涉式測距法.......................................................2
2.2	三角式測距法.......................................................3
2.3	飛時式測距法.......................................................5
2.3.1	脈衝式.............................................................5
2.3.2	連續波相位位移式...................................................6
2.3.3	連續波調頻式.......................................................8
3	 測距技術之分析與討論..............................................9
3.1	各種雷射測距技術之比較.............................................9
3.2	習知技術之分析與討論..............................................11
第二章 測距理論............................................................15
1 任意頻率調變式測距理論.................................................15
2 理論驗證實驗...........................................................24
2.1 實驗架構............................................................24
2.2 實驗結果分析........................................................25
3 誤差分析...............................................................29
第三章 雷射測距儀模組架構設計..............................................31
1 設計概念...............................................................31
2 系統模組架構...........................................................33
第四章 訊號調制與發射模組之設計............................................37
1 訊號調制模組之設計.....................................................37
1.1 除頻硬體電路之設計..................................................37
1.2 放大濾波硬體電路之設計..............................................40
2 發射模組之設計.........................................................44
2.1 半導體雷射二極體之特性..............................................44
2.2 雷射二極體驅動硬體電路之設計........................................46
2.3 發射模組之光學設計..................................................47
第五章 訊號接收與處理模組之設計............................................50
1 訊號接收模組之設計.....................................................50
1.1 檢測器之特性........................................................50
1.2 接收模組放大濾波電路之設計..........................................51
1.3 接收模組之光學設計..................................................53
2 訊號處理模組之設計.....................................................53
2.1 類比數位轉換器......................................................54
2.2 微處理器............................................................56
第六章 實驗裝置與實驗方法..................................................60
1 實驗裝置...............................................................60
2 波型量測...............................................................63
2.1 訊號調制與發射模組波型..............................................63
2.2 訊號接收與處理模組波型..............................................65
3 測距實驗方法...........................................................67
第七章 實驗結果分析與討論..................................................70
1實驗結果................................................................70
2實驗分析與討論..........................................................75
第八章 結論與未來展望......................................................77
1 結論...................................................................77
2 未來展望...............................................................78
參考文獻...................................................................80
個人事蹟...................................................................83

                                

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